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Previous Article | Next Article
The Journal of Neuroscience, January 1, 1998, 18(1):428-437
Dissociation Of Working Memory from Decision Making within the Human Prefrontal Cortex
Antoine Bechara1, 2, Hanna Damasio1, 3, Daniel Tranel1, and Steven W. Anderson1 1 Department of Neurology,
Division of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, and 2 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, and 3 The Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, 92186 We tested the hypothesis that cognitive functions related to working memory (assessed with delay tasks) are distinct from those related to decision making (assessed with a gambling task), and that working memory and decision making depend in part on separate anatomical substrates. Normal controls (n = 21), subjects with lesions in the ventromedial (VM) (n = 9) or dorsolateral/high mesial (DL/M) prefrontal cortices (n = 10), performed on (1) modified delay tasks that assess working memory and (2) a gambling task designed to measure decision making. VM subjects with more anterior lesions (n = 4) performed defectively on the gambling but not the delay task. VM subjects with more posterior lesions (n = 5) were impaired on both tasks. Right DL/M subjects were impaired on the delay task but not the gambling task. Left DL/M subjects were not impaired on either task. The findings reveal a cognitive and anatomic double dissociation between deficits in decision making (anterior VM) and working memory (right DL/M). This presents the first direct evidence of such effects in humans using the lesion method and underscores the special importance of the VM prefrontal region in decision making, independent of a direct role in working memory.
Key words: decision making; working memory; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; orbitofrontal cortex; delay tasks; gambling tasks; disinhibition; control of interference
Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/98/181428-10$05.00/0
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