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The Journal of Neuroscience, June 1, 1998, 18(11):4022-4028
Modulation of Neuronal Activity by Glial Cells in the Retina
Eric A.
Newman and
Kathleen R.
Zahs
Department of Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis,
Minnesota 55455
Glial-neuronal communication was studied by monitoring the effect
of intercellular glial Ca2+ waves on the electrical
activity of neighboring neurons in the eyecup preparation of the rat.
Calcium waves in astrocytes and Müller cells were initiated with
a mechanical stimulus applied to the retinal surface. Changes in the
light-evoked spike activity of neurons within the ganglion cell layer
occurred when, and only when, these Ca2+ waves
reached the neurons. Inhibition of activity was observed in 25 of 53 neurons (mean decrease in spike frequency, 28 ± 2%). Excitation
occurred in another five neurons (mean increase, 27 ± 5%).
Larger amplitude Ca2+ waves were associated with
greater modulation of neuronal activity. Thapsigargin, which reduced
the amplitude of the glial Ca2+ increases, also
reduced the magnitude of neuronal modulation. Bicuculline and
strychnine, inhibitory neurotransmitter antagonists, as well as
6-Nitro-7-sulphamoylbenzo[f]quinoxaline-2,3-dione (NBQX) and
D( )-2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid (D-AP7),
glutamate antagonists, reduced the inhibition of neuronal
activity associated with glial Ca2+ waves,
suggesting that inhibition is mediated by inhibitory interneurons stimulated by glutamate release from glial cells. The results suggest
that glial cells are capable of modulating the electrical activity of
neurons within the retina and thus, may directly participate in
information processing in the CNS.
Key words:
calcium waves; glial cells; astrocytes; Müller
cells; neurons; ganglion cells; retina; modulation; glial-neuronal
interaction
Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/98/18114022-07$05.00/0
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