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The Journal of Neuroscience, June 1, 1998, 18(11):4363-4373

Magnesium Deficiency-Dependent Audiogenic Seizures (MDDASs) in Adult Mice: A Nutritional Model for Discriminatory Screening of Anticonvulsant Drugs and Original Assessment of Neuroprotection Properties

Pierre Bac¹, Pierre Maurois², Charlotte Dupont¹, Nicole Pages³, James P. Stables⁴, Pierre Gressens⁵, Philippe Evrard⁵, and Joseph Vamecq⁶

¹ Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France, ² Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U42, Domaine du Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Technologique des Industries Alimentaires, F-59651 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France, ³ Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-67401 Strasbourg, France, ⁴ Preclinical Pharmacological Section, Epilepsy Branch, Division of Convulsive, Developmental, and Neuromuscular Disorders, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9020, ⁵ Laboratoire de Neurologie du Développement and Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert-Debré, and Faculté de Médecine Xavier-Bichat (Université de Paris VII), F-75019 Paris, France, and ⁶ Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Lab Ext-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Domaine du Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Technologique des Industries Alimentaires, F-59651 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France

A great many animal models for audiogenic seizures have been described. The extent to which these models may provide insight into neuroscience fields such as abnormal locomotor behavior (wild running), seizures and anticonvulsants, and neuroinsults and neuroprotectors is examined here by our study of magnesium deficiency-dependent audiogenic seizures (MDDASs) in adult mice. MDDASs were induced in all of the eight tested adult murine strains and are presented as a sequence of four successive components (latency, wild running, convulsion, and recovery phase periods). Compared with several classic seizure tests, the nutritional MDDAS model responded to low doses of prototype antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), including phenytoin (PHT), carbamazepine (CBZ), phenobarbital (PB), valproic acid (VPA), ethosuximide (ESM), and diazepam (DZP). Modulation by AEDs of the four components of MDDAS indicated that this seizure test was discriminatory, distinguishing between phenytoinergic (PHT, CBZ), GABAergic (PB, VPA, DZP), and ethosuximide (ESM) compounds. Suitability of the MDDAS test for evaluation of neuroprotective compounds was also examined: it showed partial (melatonin) and complete (WEB2170, an anti-PAF agent) reduction of recovery phase by non-anticonvulsant doses of test compounds. These neuroprotective responses were compared with neuroprotective potentials determined in a model of neonatal cerebral injury induced by focal injection of ibotenate (a glutamate analog). WEB2170 and melatonin reduced the size of lesions in white matter, but only WEB2170 protected cortical plate against ibotenate-induced lesions. In addition to the original neuroprotective behavior of WEB2170, studies on the neuroprotectors also supported GABAergic anticonvulsant activity of melatonin in the MDDAS test.

Key words: antiepileptic drugs; phenytoin; carbamazepine; phenobarbital; ethosuximide; valproic acid; diazepam; nutrition; magnesium deficiency; anticonvulsants; audiogenic seizures; electroshock; MES; pentylenetetrazol; bicuculline; neuroprotectors; picrotoxin; thieno-triazolodiazepine; benzodiazepine; hetrazepine; melatonin; ibotenate; PAF; anti-PAF; WEB2170; GABA; NMDA receptor; discriminatory screening; seizure test

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Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/98/18114363-11$05.00/0

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