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The Journal of Neuroscience, June 15, 1998, 18(12):4656-4662
Inhibition of CPP32-Like Proteases Rescues Axotomized Retinal
Ganglion Cells from Secondary Cell Death In Vivo
Pawel
Kermer,
Nikolaj
Klöcker,
Monika
Labes, and
Mathias
Bähr
Department of Neurology, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
The majority of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) degenerate and die
after transection of the optic nerve (ON) in the adult rat. This
secondary cell death can primarily be ascribed to apoptosis. Recent
work strongly suggests a decisive role for a family of cysteine
proteases, termed caspases, as mediators of neuronal apoptosis. In this
study, we investigated whether activation of caspases contributes to
delayed death of RGCs after axotomy. Intraocular application of various
caspase inhibitors rescued up to 34% of RGCs that would otherwise have
died 14 d after ON transection. Using a modified affinity-labeling
technique, we detected a 17 kDa protease subunit upregulated after
axotomy. Upregulation was prevented by caspase inhibitor treatment. The
17 kDa protein was identified as a CPP32-like protease by Western blot
analysis and affinity labeling with biotinylated
acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-aldehyde, which specifically inhibits CPP32-like
caspases. In vivo application of the irreversible
caspase inhibitor
benzyloxycarbonyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-chloromethylketone revealed
CPP32-like proteases to be major mediators of caspase-induced apoptosis
in axotomized RGCs, because this inhibitor showed an even higher
neuroprotective potential than the irreversible wide-range inhibitor
benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-DL-Asp-fluoromethylketone. In
summary, the data presented here provide further insight into the
mechanisms of injury-induced neuronal apoptosis and could give rise to
more effective therapeutic intervention strategies in CNS trauma and
neurodegenerative diseases.
Key words:
caspases; protease-inhibitor; CPP32; apoptosis; retinal
ganglion cells; axotomy; neuroprotection
Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/98/18124656-07$05.00/0
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