 |
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Previous Article | Next Article
The Journal of Neuroscience, June 15, 1998, 18(12):4722-4731
Connectivity and Convergence of Single Corticostriatal Axons
Anthony E. Kincaid, Tong Zheng, and Charles J. Wilson Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
The distribution of synapses formed by corticostriatal neurons was measured to determine the average connectivity and degree of convergence of these neurons and to search for spatial inhomogeneities. Two kinds of axonal fields, focal and extended, and two striatal tissue compartments, the patch (striosome) and matrix, were analyzed separately. Electron microscopic examination revealed that both kinds of corticostriatal axons made synapses at varicosities that could be identified in the light microscope, and each varicosity made a single synapse. Thus, the distribution of varicosities was a good estimate of the spatial distribution of synapses. The distance between axonal varicosities was measured to determine the density of synaptic connections formed by one axon within the volume occupied by a striatal neuron. Intersynaptic distances were distributed exponentially, except that synapses were rarely located <4 µm apart. The mean distance between synapses was ~10 µm, so axons made a maximum of 40 synapses within the dendritic volume of a spiny neuron. There are ~2840 spiny neurons located within the volume of the dendrites of one spiny cell (), so each axon must contact
1.4% of all cells in its axonal arborization. Within the same volume there are ~30.5 million asymmetric synapses (), approximately half of which are cortical in origin. Thus, ~380,000 cortical axons innervate the volume of the dendritic tree of one spiny cell. Striatal neurons with totally overlapping dendritic volumes have few presynaptic cortical axons in common, and cortical cells with overlapping axons have few striatal target neurons in common. These results explain the absence of redundancy in the responses of neurons located near each other in the striatum.
Key words: cerebral cortex; neostriatum; synapse; axonal arborization; neuronal connectivity; convergence; divergence
Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/98/18124722-10$05.00/0
This article has been cited by other articles:
C. Blomeley and E. Bracci
Substance P depolarizes striatal projection neurons and facilitates their glutamatergic inputs
J. Physiol., April 15, 2008; 586(8): 2143 - 2155.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A. G. Carter, G. J. Soler-Llavina, and B. L. Sabatini
Timing and Location of Synaptic Inputs Determine Modes of Subthreshold Integration in Striatal Medium Spiny Neurons
J. Neurosci., August 15, 2007; 27(33): 8967 - 8977.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
S. Mahon, N. Vautrelle, L. Pezard, S. J. Slaght, J.-M. Deniau, G. Chouvet, and S. Charpier
Distinct Patterns of Striatal Medium Spiny Neuron Activity during the Natural Sleep-Wake Cycle
J. Neurosci., November 29, 2006; 26(48): 12587 - 12595.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A. C. T. Takakura, T. S. Moreira, E. Colombari, G. H. West, R. L. Stornetta, and P. G. Guyenet
Peripheral chemoreceptor inputs to retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) CO2-sensitive neurons in rats
J. Physiol., April 15, 2006; 572(2): 503 - 523.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A. Leblois, T. Boraud, W. Meissner, H. Bergman, and D. Hansel
Competition between feedback loops underlies normal and pathological dynamics in the basal ganglia.
J. Neurosci., March 29, 2006; 26(13): 3567 - 3583.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
Y. Kozorovitskiy, C. G. Gross, C. Kopil, L. Battaglia, M. McBreen, A. M. Stranahan, and E. Gould
Experience induces structural and biochemical changes in the adult primate brain
PNAS, November 29, 2005; 102(48): 17478 - 17482.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
T. Koos, J. M. Tepper, and C. J. Wilson
Comparison of IPSCs Evoked by Spiny and Fast-Spiking Neurons in the Neostriatum
J. Neurosci., September 8, 2004; 24(36): 7916 - 7922.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
P. J. Magill, A. Sharott, M. D. Bevan, P. Brown, and J. P. Bolam
Synchronous Unit Activity and Local Field Potentials Evoked in the Subthalamic Nucleus by Cortical Stimulation
J Neurophysiol, August 1, 2004; 92(2): 700 - 714.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
S. J. Slaght, T. Paz, M. Chavez, J.-M. Deniau, S. Mahon, and S. Charpier
On the Activity of the Corticostriatal Networks during Spike-and-Wave Discharges in a Genetic Model of Absence Epilepsy
J. Neurosci., July 28, 2004; 24(30): 6816 - 6825.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
F. Karube, Y. Kubota, and Y. Kawaguchi
Axon Branching and Synaptic Bouton Phenotypes in GABAergic Nonpyramidal Cell Subtypes
J. Neurosci., March 24, 2004; 24(12): 2853 - 2865.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
D. M. LOVINGER, J. G. PARTRIDGE, and K.-C. TANG
Plastic Control of Striatal Glutamatergic Transmission by Ensemble Actions of Several Neurotransmitters and Targets for Drugs of Abuse
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., November 1, 2003; 1003(1): 226 - 240.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
C. DACKIS and C. O'BRIEN
Glutamatergic Agents for Cocaine Dependence
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., November 1, 2003; 1003(1): 328 - 345.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
K. T. Blackwell, U. Czubayko, and D. Plenz
Quantitative Estimate of Synaptic Inputs to Striatal Neurons during Up and Down States In Vitro
J. Neurosci., October 8, 2003; 23(27): 9123 - 9132.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. N. Guzman, A. Hernandez, E. Galarraga, D. Tapia, A. Laville, R. Vergara, J. Aceves, and J. Bargas
Dopaminergic Modulation of Axon Collaterals Interconnecting Spiny Neurons of the Rat Striatum
J. Neurosci., October 1, 2003; 23(26): 8931 - 8940.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
R. R. Kimpo, F. E. Theunissen, and A. J. Doupe
Propagation of Correlated Activity through Multiple Stages of a Neural Circuit
J. Neurosci., July 2, 2003; 23(13): 5750 - 5761.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
H. C. Cromwell and W. Schultz
Effects of Expectations for Different Reward Magnitudes on Neuronal Activity in Primate Striatum
J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2003; 89(5): 2823 - 2838.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. E. Hoover, Z. S. Hoffer, and K. D. Alloway
Projections From Primary Somatosensory Cortex to the Neostriatum: The Role of Somatotopic Continuity in Corticostriatal Convergence
J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2003; 89(3): 1576 - 1587.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
F.-M. Zhou, C. Wilson, and J. A. Dani
Muscarinic and Nicotinic Cholinergic Mechanisms in the Mesostriatal Dopamine Systems
Neuroscientist, February 1, 2003; 9(1): 23 - 36.
[Abstract] [PDF]
S. Ramanathan, J. J. Hanley, J.-M. Deniau, and J. P. Bolam
Synaptic Convergence of Motor and Somatosensory Cortical Afferents onto GABAergic Interneurons in the Rat Striatum
J. Neurosci., September 15, 2002; 22(18): 8158 - 8169.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
V. Mittoux, S. Ouary, C. Monville, F. Lisovoski, T. Poyot, F. Conde, C. Escartin, R. Robichon, E. Brouillet, M. Peschanski, et al.
Corticostriatopallidal Neuroprotection by Adenovirus-Mediated Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Gene Transfer in a Rat Model of Progressive Striatal Degeneration
J. Neurosci., June 1, 2002; 22(11): 4478 - 4486.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
G. M. G. Shepherd, M. Raastad, and P. Andersen
General and variable features of varicosity spacing along unmyelinated axons in the hippocampus and cerebellum
PNAS, April 30, 2002; 99(9): 6340 - 6345.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
H. Nakahara, S.-i. Amari, and O. Hikosaka
Self-Organization in the Basal Ganglia with Modulation of Reinforcement Signals
Neural Comput., April 1, 2002; 14(4): 819 - 844.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
T. Zheng and C. J. Wilson
Corticostriatal Combinatorics: The Implications of Corticostriatal Axonal Arborizations
J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2002; 87(2): 1007 - 1017.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
Y. Shimo and O. Hikosaka
Role of Tonically Active Neurons in Primate Caudate in Reward-Oriented Saccadic Eye Movement
J. Neurosci., October 1, 2001; 21(19): 7804 - 7814.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
S. Mahon, J.-M. Deniau, and S. Charpier
Relationship between EEG Potentials and Intracellular Activity of Striatal and Cortico-striatal Neurons: an In Vivo Study under Different Anesthetics
Cereb Cortex, April 1, 2001; 11(4): 360 - 373.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
T. B. Leergaard, K. D. Alloway, J. J. Mutic, and J. G. Bjaalie
Three-Dimensional Topography of Corticopontine Projections from Rat Barrel Cortex: Correlations with Corticostriatal Organization
J. Neurosci., November 15, 2000; 20(22): 8474 - 8484.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. L. Belleau and R. A. Warren
Postnatal Development of Electrophysiological Properties of Nucleus Accumbens Neurons
J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2000; 84(5): 2204 - 2216.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
R. S. Turner and M. R. DeLong
Corticostriatal Activity in Primary Motor Cortex of the Macaque
J. Neurosci., September 15, 2000; 20(18): 7096 - 7108.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
C. L. Cox, W. Denk, D. W. Tank, and K. Svoboda
Action potentials reliably invade axonal arbors of rat neocortical neurons
PNAS, August 6, 2000; (2000) 170278697.
[Abstract] [Full Text]
O. Hikosaka, Y. Takikawa, and R. Kawagoe
Role of the Basal Ganglia in the Control of Purposive Saccadic Eye Movements
Physiol Rev, July 1, 2000; 80(3): 953 - 978.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
K. D. Alloway, J. Crist, J. J. Mutic, and S. A. Roy
Corticostriatal Projections from Rat Barrel Cortex Have an Anisotropic Organization that Correlates with Vibrissal Whisking Behavior
J. Neurosci., December 15, 1999; 19(24): 10908 - 10922.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. O. West
Anesthetics Eliminate Somatosensory-Evoked Discharges of Neurons in the Somatotopically Organized Sensorimotor Striatum of the Rat
J. Neurosci., November 1, 1998; 18(21): 9055 - 9068.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
G. M. G. Shepherd and K. M. Harris
Three-Dimensional Structure and Composition of CA3right-arrowCA1 Axons in Rat Hippocampal Slices: Implications for Presynaptic Connectivity and Compartmentalization
J. Neurosci., October 15, 1998; 18(20): 8300 - 8310.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
G. M. G. Shepherd, M. Raastad, and P. Andersen
General and variable features of varicosity spacing along unmyelinated axons in the hippocampus and cerebellum
PNAS, April 30, 2002; 99(9): 6340 - 6345.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
C. L. Cox, W. Denk, D. W. Tank, and K. Svoboda
From the Cover: Action potentials reliably invade axonal arbors of rat neocortical neurons
PNAS, August 15, 2000; 97(17): 9724 - 9728.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|