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The Journal of Neuroscience, June 15, 1998, 18(12):4775-4784

Circadian Rhythms of Rod-Cone Dominance in the Japanese Quail Retina

Mary K. Manglapus¹, Hiroyuki Uchiyama², Neal F. Buelow¹, and Robert B. Barlow¹

¹ Center for Vision Research, State University of New York Health Science Center, Syracuse, New York 13210, and ² Department of Information and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890, Japan

When the Japanese quail is held in constant darkness, retinal responses (ERG b-waves) increase during the animal's subjective night and decrease during its subjective day. Rod photoreceptors dominate the b-wave responses (_max = 506 nm) to all stimulus intensities at night but only to those intensities below the cone threshold during the day. Above the cone threshold, cones dominate b-wave responses (_max, ~550-600 nm) during the day regardless of the state of retinal adaptation. Apparently a circadian oscillator enables cone signals to block rod signals during the day but not at night. The ERG b-wave reflects the activity of bipolar cells that are postsynaptic to rods and cones. The ERG a-wave reflects the activity of both rods and cones. The amplitude of the isolated a-wave (PIII) changes with time of day, as does that of the b-wave, but its spectral sensitivity does not. The PIII responses are maximal at ~520 nm both day and night and may reflect multiple receptor mechanisms. The shift in rod-cone dominance detected with the ERG b-wave resembles the Purkinje shift of human vision but, unlike the Purkinje shift, does not require a change in ambient light intensity. The shift occurs in constant darkness, with a period of ~24 hr indicative of a circadian rhythm in the functional organization of the retina.

Key words: circadian rhythm; retina; ERG; quail; rod-cone dominance; photoreceptor

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Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/98/18124775-10$05.00/0

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