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The Journal of Neuroscience, July 1, 1998, 18(13):4938-4945

Immunohistochemical and Cytochemical Localization of the Somatostatin Receptor Subtype sst₁ in the Somatostatinergic Parvocellular Neuronal System of the Rat Hypothalamus

Lone Helboe¹, Carsten E. Stidsen², and Morten Møller¹

¹ Institute of Medical Anatomy, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark, and ² Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark

Somatostatin is known to mediate its actions through five G-protein-coupled receptors (sst₁-sst₅). We have studied the expression of the sst₁ receptor in the rat hypothalamus by using a subtype-specific antiserum. In Western blotting, the antiserum reacted specifically with a band with an apparent molecular weight of 80,000 in membranes prepared from hypothalamic tissue.

The localization of the sst₁ receptor was investigated by immunohistochemistry in hypothalamus sections. Additionally, an immunofluorescent double-labeling was performed for the sst₁ receptor and somatostatin. Light microscopy revealed that the sst₁ receptor is located in perikarya and nerve fibers in the rostral periventricular area surrounding the third ventricle as well as in nerve fibers projecting from the perikarya to the external layer of the median eminence. In these neuronal structures, sst₁ immunoreactivity was found to be colocalized with somatostatin. Furthermore, the location of sst₁ receptors was studied by immunoelectron microscopy in the median eminence. In the external layer, receptor immunoreactivity was confined to nerve terminals. Immunoreactive nerve terminals were seen to make synapse-like junctions with other both stained and unstained nerve terminals. Thus, the sst₁ receptor is present in the classic somatostatinergic hypothalamic parvocellular system inhibiting hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary gland. These findings indicate that the sst₁ receptor may act as an autoreceptor and inhibit the release of somatostatin from periventricular neurons projecting to the median eminence.

Key words: somatostatin receptor; sst₁; immunohistochemistry; ultrastructure; autoreceptor; hypothalamus; median eminence; synapse

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Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/98/18134938-08$05.00/0

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