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The Journal of Neuroscience, July 15, 1998, 18(14):5354-5365
Neurotrophin-3 and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Induce
Oligodendrocyte Proliferation and Myelination of Regenerating Axons in
the Contused Adult Rat Spinal Cord
Dana M.
McTigue1,
Philip J.
Horner2,
Bradford
T.
Stokes1, and
Fred H.
Gage2
1 Department of Physiology, Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio 43210, and 2 Laboratory of Genetics, The
Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92161
Functional loss after spinal cord injury (SCI) is caused, in part,
by demyelination of axons surviving the trauma. Neurotrophins have been
shown to induce oligodendrogliagenesis in vitro, but stimulation of oligodendrocyte proliferation and myelination by these
factors in vivo has not been examined. We sought to
determine whether neurotrophins can induce the formation of new
oligodendrocytes and myelination of regenerating axons after SCI in
adult rats. In this study, fibroblasts producing neurotrophin-3 (NT-3),
brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ciliary neurotrophic factor,
nerve growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, or
-galactosidase (control grafts) were transplanted subacutely into
the contused adult rat spinal cord. At 10 weeks after injury, all
transplants contained axons. NT-3 and BDNF grafts, however, contained
significantly more axons than control or other growth factor-producing
grafts. In addition, significantly more myelin basic protein-positive profiles were detected in NT-3 and BDNF transplants, suggesting enhanced myelination of ingrowing axons within these
neurotrophin-producing grafts. To determine whether augmented
myelinogenesis was associated with increased proliferation of
oligodendrocyte lineage cells, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was used to
label dividing cells. NT-3 and BDNF grafts contained significantly more
BrdU-positive oligodendrocytes than controls. The association of these
new oligodendrocytes with ingrowing myelinated axons suggests that
NT-3- and BDNF-induced myelinogenesis resulted, at least in part, from
expansion of oligodendrocyte lineage cells, most likely the endogenous
oligodendrocyte progenitors. These findings may have significant
implications for chronic demyelinating diseases or CNS injuries.
Key words:
spinal cord injury; axonal regeneration; transplantation; neurotrophins; oligodendrocyte proliferation; progenitor; Schwann
cells
Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/98/18145354-12$05.00/0
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