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The Journal of Neuroscience, July 15, 1998, 18(14):5463-5476
Anterograde Signaling by Nitric Oxide: Characterization and In Vitro Reconstitution of an Identified Nitrergic Synapse
Ji-Ho Park, Volko A. Straub, and Michael O'Shea Sussex Centre for Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
Nitric oxide (NO) is recognized as a signaling molecule in the CNS where it is a candidate retrograde neurotransmitter. Here we provide direct evidence that NO mediates slow excitatory anterograde transmission between the NO synthase (NOS)-expressing B2 neuron and an NO-responsive follower neuron named B7nor. Both are motoneurons located in the buccal ganglia of the snail Lymnaea stagnalis where they participate in feeding behavior. Transmission between B2 and B7nor is blocked by inhibiting NOS and is suppressed by extracellular scavenging of NO. Furthermore, focal application of NO to the cell body of the B7nor neuron causes a depolarization that mimics the effect of B2 activity. The slow interaction between the B2 and B7nor neurons can be re-established when the two neurons are cocultured, and it shows the same susceptibility to NOS inhibition and NO scavenging. In cell culture we have also examined spatial aspects of NO signaling. We show that before the formation of an anatomical connection, the presynaptic neuron can cause depolarizing potentials in the follower neuron at distances up to 50 µm. The strength of the interaction increases when the distance between the cells is reduced. Our results suggest that NO can function as both a synaptic and a nonsynaptic signaling molecule.
Key words: nitric oxide; Lymnaea; feeding behavior; nitrergic synapse; nonsynaptic; Aplysia
Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/98/18145463-14$05.00/0
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