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Previous Article | Next Article
The Journal of Neuroscience, August 1, 1998, 18(15):5630-5639
Imaging Odor-Induced Calcium Transients in Single Olfactory Cilia: Specificity of Activation and Role in Transduction
Trese Leinders-Zufall1, Charles A. Greer2, 3, Gordon M. Shepherd2, and Frank Zufall1 1 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, and 2 Section of Neurobiology and 3 Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
The possibility that odor stimuli trigger distinct Ca2+ elevations within the cilia of vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) is a widely proposed concept. However, because of the small size of the olfactory cilia, the existence and properties of such Ca2+ elevations and their role in odor transduction are still unknown. We investigate odor-induced Ca2+ changes in individual olfactory cilia from salamander using the Ca2+ indicator dye fluo-3 in combination with laser scanning confocal microscopy. Single brief applications of odor ligand produce highly localized Ca2+ elevations in individual cilia lasting for several seconds. These Ca2+ signals originate in the cilia and depend entirely on Ca2+ entry through ciliary cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels. The odor specificity of the Ca2+ rises implies a receptor-operated mechanism underlying odor detection. Each of the cilia on a receptor neuron functions as an independent biochemical compartment that can detect odorants and produce a Ca2+ transient with remarkably uniform properties in terms of kinetics and odor specificity. The rate of recovery of the odor-induced Ca2+ transients matches recovery from a short-term form of odor adaptation. Application of the membrane-permeant intracellular Ca2+ chelator BAPTA AM eliminates this odor adaptation. The results indicate that an olfactory cilium serves as a basic functional unit at the input level of the olfactory system, controlling both the specificity and sensitivity of odor detection.
Key words: olfactory receptor neurons; cilia; confocal microscopy; imaging; cAMP; calcium signaling; cyclic nucleotide-gated channels; salamander; sensory adaptation; G-protein-coupled second messenger pathway, BAPTA AM
Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/98/18155630-10$05.00/0
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