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The Journal of Neuroscience, August 1, 1998, 18(15):5706-5713

Glutamate Transporter GLT-1 Is Transiently Localized on Growing Axons of the Mouse Spinal Cord before Establishing Astrocytic Expression

Keiko Yamada¹, Masahiko Watanabe¹, Takashi Shibata², Masabumi Nagashima¹, Kohichi Tanaka³, and Yoshiro Inoue¹

Departments of ¹ Anatomy and ² Urology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan, and ³ Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira 187-8502, Japan

The glutamate transporter GLT-1 is expressed in astrocytes of the mature brain and spinal cord. In the present study, we examined its expression in the developing mouse spinal cord. By in situ hybridization, ³⁵S-labeled antisense oligonucleotide probes for GLT-1 mRNA consistently labeled the mantle zone/gray matter from embryonic day 11 through the adult stage. However, immunohistochemistry with a specific antibody visualized distinct regional and cellular localizations during the time between the fetal and postnatal stages. At fetal stages, GLT-1 immunoreactivity predominated in the marginal zone/white matter, observed as tiny puncta in cross-sections and as thin fibers in longitudinal sections. The GLT-1-immunopositive structures were also labeled for neuron-specific enolase, a glycolytic enzyme specific to postmitotic neurons and endocrine cells. By electron microscopy, GLT-1 immunoreactivity was detected in axons forming frequent enlargements and was focally localized on a small portion of the axolemma, particularly that facing adjacent axons. At early postnatal stages, GLT-1 disappeared from axons in white matter tracts and, instead, appeared in astrocytic processes surrounding various neuronal elements in the gray matter. Therefore, before switching to astrocytic expression, GLT-1 is transiently expressed in neurons and localized in differentiating axons. Together with our previous finding on the localization of glutamate transporter GLAST in radial glial fibers, GLT-1 and GLAST are thus localized during development on distinct directional cellular elements along which young neurons elongate their axons or move their cell bodies, respectively.

Key words: glutamate transporter; GLT-1; mouse; spinal cord; growth cone; astrocyte; immunoblot; immunohistochemistry; in situ hybridization; electron microscopy; development

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Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/98/18155706-08$05.00/0

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