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The Journal of Neuroscience, August 15, 1998, 18(16):6279-6289
Brain Endothelial Cells Express Cyclooxygenase-2 during Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Fever: Light and Electron Microscopic Immunocytochemical Studies
Kiyoshi Matsumura1, 2, Chunyu Cao2, Masashi Ozaki2, Hiroshi Morii1, 2, Kazuhiko Nakadate2, and Yasuyoshi Watanabe1, 2 1 Subfemtomole Biorecognition Project, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan, and 2 Department of Neuroscience, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, is induced in brain blood vessels by pyrogens, and its essential role in fever has been hypothesized. In this study, we determined (1) the type of cells that express cyclooxygenase-2 in brain blood vessels of lipopolysaccharide-treated rats, and (2) the precise relationship between the time course of fever and that of cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression in these cells. Five hours after the lipopolysaccharide injection (100 µg/kg, i.p.), cyclooxygenase-2-like immunoreactive cells were found in the parenchymal and subarachnoidal blood vessels. In these blood vessels, the cyclooxygenase-2-like immunoreactivity was restricted to the perinuclear region of the endothelial cells as revealed by a laser confocal microscopy, double-immunofluorescence staining with an endothelial marker, and immunoelectron microscopy. On the other hand, the cyclooxygenase-2-like immunoreactive cells were distinct from microglia or perivascular/meningeal macrophages as revealed by double immunostaining with macrophage/microglia-specific antibodies. Cyclooxygenase-2-like immunoreactive cells were first found at 1.5 hr after the lipopolysaccharide injection, at which time the fever had not been developed. After that, the number of cyclooxygenase-2-like immunoreactive cells and fever followed a similar time course, both being highest at 5 hr after the lipopolysaccharide injection and both returning to the baseline by 24 hr. These results demonstrate that brain endothelial cells are the primary sites where the activation of arachidonic acid cascade takes place during fever after intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide.
Key words: cyclooxygenase-2; brain endothelial cells; fever; prostaglandins; lipopolysaccharide; immune-CNS communication
Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/98/18166279-11$05.00/0
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