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The Journal of Neuroscience, August 15, 1998, 18(16):6395-6410
Synchronization of Visual Responses between the Cortex, Lateral
Geniculate Nucleus, and Retina in the Anesthetized Cat
Miguel
Castelo-Branco,
Sergio
Neuenschwander, and
Wolf
Singer
Max-Planck-Institut für Hirnforschung, Deutschordenstra e
46, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Synchronization of spatially distributed responses in the cortex is
often associated with periodic activity. Recently, synchronous oscillatory patterning was described for visual responses in retinal ganglion cells that is reliably transmitted by the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), raising the question of whether oscillatory inputs contribute to synchronous oscillatory responses in the cortex.
We have made simultaneous multi-unit recordings from visual areas 17 and 18 as well as the LGN and the retina to examine the interactions
between subcortical and cortical synchronization mechanisms. Strong
correlations of oscillatory responses were observed between retina,
LGN, and cortex, indicating that cortical neurons can become
synchronized by oscillatory activity relayed through the LGN. This
feedforward synchronization occurred with oscillation frequencies in
the range of 60-120 Hz and was most pronounced for responses to
stationary flashed stimuli and more frequent for cells in area 18 than
in area 17. In response to moving stimuli, by contrast, subcortical and
cortical oscillations dissociated, proving the existence of independent
subcortical and cortical mechanisms. Subcortical oscillations
maintained their high frequencies but became transient. Cortical
oscillations were now dominated by a cortical synchronizing mechanism
operating in the 30-60 Hz frequency range. When the cortical mechanism
dominated, LGN responses could become phase-locked to the cortical
oscillations via corticothalamic feedback.
In summary, synchronization of cortical responses can result from two
independent but interacting mechanisms. First, a transient feedforward
synchronization to high-frequency retinal oscillations, and second, an
intracortical mechanism, which operates in a lower frequency range and
induces more sustained synchronization.
Key words:
synchronization; visual cortex; thalamus; retina; cross-correlation; oscillations
Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/98/18166395-16$05.00/0
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