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The Journal of Neuroscience, August 15, 1998, 18(16):6568-6582
Object Recognition and Location Memory in Monkeys with
Excitotoxic Lesions of the Amygdala and Hippocampus
Elisabeth A.
Murray and
Mortimer
Mishkin
Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health,
Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Earlier work indicated that combined but not separate removal of
the amygdala and hippocampus, together with the cortex underlying these
structures, leads to a severe impairment in visual recognition. More
recent work, however, has shown that removal of the rhinal cortex, a
region subjacent to the amygdala and rostral hippocampus, yields nearly
the same impairment as the original removal. This raises the
possibility that the earlier results were attributable to combined
damage to the rostral and caudal portions of the rhinal cortex rather
than to the combined amygdala and hippocampal removal. To test this
possibility, we trained rhesus monkeys on delayed nonmatching-to-sample, a measure of visual recognition, gave them selective lesions of the amygdala and hippocampus made with the excitotoxin ibotenic acid, and then assessed their recognition abilities by using increasingly longer delays and list lengths, including delays as long as 40 min. Postoperatively, monkeys with the
combined amygdala and hippocampal lesions performed as well as intact
controls at every stage of testing. The same monkeys also were
unimpaired relative to controls on an analogous test of spatial memory,
delayed nonmatching-to-location. It is unlikely that unintended sparing
of target structures can account for the lack of impairment; there was
a significant positive correlation between the percentage of damage to
the hippocampus and scores on portions of the recognition performance
test, suggesting that, paradoxically, the greater the hippocampal
damage, the better the recognition. The results show that, within the
medial temporal lobe, the rhinal cortex is both necessary and
sufficient for visual recognition.
Key words:
amygdala; hippocampus; limbic system; ibotenic acid; visual memory; delayed nonmatching-to-sample; spatial memory; recognition memory
Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/98/18166568-15$05.00/0
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