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The Journal of Neuroscience, September 1, 1998, 18(17):6623-6630
A Depolarizing Chloride Current Contributes to Chemoelectrical
Transduction in Olfactory Sensory Neurons In Situ
Dirk
Reuter1,
Karl
Zierold2,
Walter H.
Schröder1, and
Stephan
Frings1
1 Institut für Biologische
Informationsverarbeitung, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany, and 2 Max-Planck-Institut für
Molekulare Physiologie, Rheinlanddamm 201, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
Recent biophysical investigations of vertebrate olfactory signal
transduction have revealed that Ca2+-gated
Cl channels are activated during odorant detection
in the chemosensory membrane of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). To
understand the role of these channels in chemoelectrical signal
transduction, it is necessary to know the
Cl-equilibrium potential that determines direction
and size of Cl fluxes across the chemosensory
membrane. We have measured Cl,
Na+, and K+ concentrations in
ultrathin cryosections of rat olfactory epithelium, as well as relative
element contents in isolated microsamples of olfactory mucus, using
energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis. Determination of the
Cl concentrations in dendritic knobs and olfactory
mucus yielded an estimate of the Cl-equilibrium
potential ECl in situ. With
Cl concentrations of 69 mM in
dendritic knobs and 55 mM in olfactory mucus, we obtained
an ECl value of +6 ± 12 mV. This
indicates that Ca2+-gated Cl
channels in olfactory cilia conduct inward currents in
vivo carried by Cl efflux into the mucus.
Our results show that rat OSNs are among the few known types of neurons
that maintain an elevated level of cytosolic Cl.
In these cells, activation of Cl channels leads to
depolarization of the membrane voltage and can induce electrical
excitation. The depolarizing Cl current in
mammalian OSNs appears to contribute a major fraction to the receptor
current and may sustain olfactory function in sweet-water animals.
Key words:
olfaction; olfactory sensory neurons; mucus; chloride
channels; chloride concentration; receptor current; sensory
transduction; EDX microanalysis
Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/98/18176623-08$05.00/0
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