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The Journal of Neuroscience, September 1, 1998, 18(17):6757-6766
Dynamic Regulation of Calcium Influx by G-Proteins, Action
Potential Waveform, and Neuronal Firing Frequency
Demian
Park and
Kathleen
Dunlap
Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology, Tufts University School
of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
The time course of Ca2+ channel activation and
the amplitude and rate of change of Ca2+ influx are
primarily controlled by membrane voltage. G-protein-coupled signaling
pathways, however, modulate the efficacy of membrane voltage on channel
gating. To study the interactions of membrane potential and G-proteins
on Ca2+ influx in a physiological context, we have
measured N-type Ca2+ currents evoked by action
potential waveforms in voltage-clamped chick dorsal root ganglion
neurons. We have quantified the effect of varying action potential
waveforms and frequency on the shape of Ca2+ current
in the presence and absence of transmitters (GABA or norepinephrine)
that inhibit N current. Our results demonstrate that both the profile
of Ca2+ entry and the time course and magnitude of
its transmitter-induced inhibition are sensitive functions of action
potential waveform and frequency. Increases in action potential
duration enhance total Ca2+ entry, but they also
prolong and blunt Ca2+ signals by slowing influx
rate and reducing peak amplitude. Transmitter-mediated inhibition of
Ca2+ entry is most robust with short-duration action
potentials and decreases exponentially with increasing duration.
Increases in action potential frequency promote a voltage-dependent
inactivation of Ca2+ influx. In channels exposed to
GABA or norepinephrine, however, this inactivation is counteracted by a
time- and frequency-dependent relief of modulation. Thus, multiple
stimuli are integrated by Ca2+ channels, tuning the
profile of influx in a changing physiological environment. Such
variations are likely to be significant for the control of
Ca2+-dependent cellular responses in all
tissues.
Key words:
Ca2+ channel; G-protein-coupled
receptor; action potential; modulation; Ca2+ influx; frequency-dependent effects; G-protein
Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/98/18176757-10$05.00/0
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