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The Journal of Neuroscience, September 1, 1998, 18(17):6871-6881
Nicotinic Receptor-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death of Hippocampal
Progenitor Cells
Francois
Berger1,
Fred
H.
Gage1, and
Sukumar
Vijayaraghavan2
1 Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute, La Jolla,
California 92037, and 2 Department of Physiology and
Biophysics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver,
Colorado 80262
Nicotine has many effects on CNS functions, presumably through its
action on neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). One
subclass of AChRs that binds the snake venom toxin -bungarotoxin ( -Bgt-AChRs) has been shown to modulate neurotransmission in the
brain. We now show that -Bgt-AChR activation by low doses of
nicotine results in apoptotic cell death of both primary and immortalized hippocampal progenitor cells. In HC2S2-immortalized hippocampal progenitors, nicotine is cytotoxic to undifferentiated cells, whereas it spares the same cells once differentiation has been
induced. The activation of -Bgt-AChRs by nicotine results in the
induction of the tumor suppressor protein p53 and the cdk inhibitor
p21. The cytotoxic effect of nicotine is dependent on extracellular
calcium levels and is probably attributable to the poor ability of
undifferentiated progenitors to buffer calcium loads. The major calcium
buffer in these cells, calbindin D28K, is present only after
differentiation has been induced. Furthermore transfection of
undifferentiated cells with calbindin results in dramatic protection
against the cytotoxic effects of nicotine. These results show that
nicotine abuse could have significant effects on the survival of
progenitor populations in the developing and adult brain and also
suggest an endogenous role for -Bgt-AChRs in neuronal development
and differentiation.
Key words:
nicotine; acetylcholine receptors; -bungarotoxin; apoptosis; hippocampal progenitors; p53; cell cycle
Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/98/18176871-11$05.00/0
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