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The Journal of Neuroscience, October 1, 1998, 18(19):7768-7778
Increased Neurogenesis in the Dentate Gyrus After Transient
Global Ischemia in Gerbils
Jialing
Liu1,
Karen
Solway1,
Robert O.
Messing2, and
Frank R.
Sharp1
1 Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University
of California at San Francisco and San Francisco Veterans Affairs
Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121, and
2 Department of Neurology, Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research
Center and Graduate Programs in Neuroscience and Biomedical Sciences,
University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco,
California 94110
Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of adult rodents is regulated by
NMDA receptors, adrenal steroids, environmental stimuli, and seizures.
To determine whether ischemia affects neurogenesis, newly divided cells
in the dentate gyrus were examined after transient global ischemia in
adult gerbils. 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate (BrdU)
immunohistochemistry demonstrated a 12-fold increase in cell birth in
the dentate subgranular zone 1-2 weeks after 10 min bilateral common
carotid artery occlusions. Two minutes of ischemia did not
significantly increase BrdU incorporation. Confocal microscopy
demonstrated that BrdU immunoreactive cells in the granule cell layer
colocalized with neuron-specific markers for neuronal nuclear
antigen, microtubule-associated protein-2, and calbindin
D28k, indicating that the newly divided cells
migrated from the subgranular zone into the granule cell layer and
matured into neurons. Newborn cells with a neuronal phenotype were
first seen 26 d after ischemia, survived for at least 7 months,
were located only in the granule cell layer, and comprised ~60% of BrdU-labeled cells in the granule cell layer 6 weeks after ischemia. The increased neurogenesis was not attributable to entorhinal cortical
lesions, because no cell loss was detected in this region. Ischemic
preconditioning for 2 min, which protects CA1 neurons against
subsequent ischemic damage, did not prevent increased neurogenesis in
the granule cell layer after a subsequent severe ischemic challenge.
Thus, ischemia-induced dentate neurogenesis is not attributable to CA1
neuronal loss. Enhanced neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus may be a
compensatory adaptive response to ischemia-associated injury and could
promote functional recovery after ischemic hippocampal injury.
Key words:
neurogenesis; dentate gyrus; granule neuron; cerebral
ischemia; hippocampus; CA1; NMDA receptor; entorhinal cortex; neural
stem cells; BrdU; NeuN; GFAP; MAP-2; calbindin; spreading depression; subependyma; erythropoietin; FGF; BDNF
Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/98/18197768-11$05.00/0
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