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The Journal of Neuroscience, October 1, 1998, 18(19):8038-8046

Removal of Cholinergic Input to Rat Posterior Parietal Cortex Disrupts Incremental Processing of Conditioned Stimuli

David J. Bucci¹, Peter C. Holland², and Michela Gallagher³

¹ Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, ² Department of Psychology: Experimental, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27706, and ³ Department of Psychology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218

Recent research suggests that the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons innervating the cortex play a role in attentional functions in both primates and rodents. Among the cortical targets of these projections in primates is the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), a region shown to be critically involved in the regulation of attention. Recent anatomical studies have defined a cortical region in the rat that may be homologous to the PPC of primates. In the present study, cholinergic innervation of the PPC was depleted by intracortical infusion of the immunotoxin 192 IgG-saporin. Control and lesioned rats were then tested in two associative learning paradigms designed to increase attentional processing of conditioned stimuli (CSs). In one experiment, attention was manipulated by shifting a predictive relation between a light CS and another CS to a less predictive relation. Unlike control rats, lesioned rats failed to increase attention when the predictive relation was modified. In a second experiment, attentional processing of a tone CS was increased when its introduction during training coincided with a change in the value of the unconditioned stimulus, a phenomenon referred to as unblocking. Unlike control rats, lesioned rats failed to exhibit unblocking. In both paradigms, lesioned rats conditioned normally when the training procedures did not encourage increased attentional processing. These findings, across different behavioral paradigms and stimulus modalities, provide converging evidence that intact cholinergic innervation of the PPC is important for changes in attention that can increase the processing of certain cues.

Key words: posterior parietal cortex; acetylcholine; attention; cholinergic basal forebrain; associative learning; 192 IgGsaporin; immunotoxin; rats

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Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/98/18198038-09$05.00/0

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