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The Journal of Neuroscience, October 1, 1998, 18(19):8047-8055
Long-Term Dietary Strawberry, Spinach, or Vitamin E
Supplementation Retards the Onset of Age-Related Neuronal
Signal-Transduction and Cognitive Behavioral Deficits
J. A.
Joseph1,
B.
Shukitt-Hale1,
N. A.
Denisova1,
R. L.
Prior1,
G.
Cao1,
A.
Martin1,
G.
Taglialatela2, and
P. C.
Bickford3
1 United States Department of Agriculture Human
Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts, Boston, Massachusetts
02111, 2 Department of Chemistry and Genetics, University
of Texas, Galveston, Texas 77555, and 3 Department of
Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado 80262
Recent research has indicated that increased vulnerability to
oxidative stress may be the major factor involved in CNS functional declines in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases, and that
antioxidants, e.g., vitamin E, may ameliorate or prevent these
declines. Present studies examined whether long-term feeding of Fischer
344 rats, beginning when the rats were 6 months of age and continuing
for 8 months, with diets supplemented with a fruit or vegetable extract
identified as being high in antioxidant activity, could prevent the
age-related induction of receptor-mediated signal transduction deficits
that might have a behavioral component. Thus, the following parameters
were examined: (1) oxotremorine-enhanced striatal dopamine release
(OX-K+-ERDA), (2) cerebellar  receptor
augmentation of GABA responding, (3) striatal synaptosomal
45Ca2+ clearance, (4)
carbachol-stimulated GTPase activity, and (5) Morris water maze
performance. The rats were given control diets or those supplemented
with strawberry extracts (SE), 9.5 gm/kg dried aqueous extract (DAE),
spinach (SPN 6.4 gm/kg DAE), or vitamin E (500 IU/kg). Results
indicated that SPN-fed rats demonstrated the greatest retardation of
age-effects on all parameters except GTPase activity, on which SE had
the greatest effect, whereas SE and vitamin E showed significant but
equal protection against these age-induced deficits on the other
parameters. For example, OX-K+-ERDA enhancement was
four times greater in the SPN group than in controls. Thus,
phytochemicals present in antioxidant-rich foods such as spinach may be
beneficial in retarding functional age-related CNS and cognitive
behavioral deficits and, perhaps, may have some benefit in
neurodegenerative disease.
Key words:
antioxidants; aging; diet; dopamine; GABA; norepinephrine; striatum; cerebellum; cognitive behavior
Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/98/18198047-09$05.00/0
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