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The Journal of Neuroscience, January 15, 1998, 18(2):610-624
Plasma Membrane Ca2+-ATPase Extrudes Ca2+ from Hair Cell Stereocilia
Ebenezer N. Yamoah1, 3, Ellen A. Lumpkin4, Rachel A. Dumont1, Peter J. S. Smith3, A. J. Hudspeth4, and Peter G. Gillespie1, 2 Departments of 1 Physiology and 2 Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, 3 BioCurrents Research Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, and 4 Howard Hughes Medical Institute and The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021
Mechanically sensitive hair cells of the auditory and vestibular systems use Ca2+ to control adaptation of mechanical transduction, to effect frequency tuning, to trigger neurotransmitter release, and to mediate efferent synaptic signaling. To determine the role that pumps play in regulation of Ca2+ in the hair bundle, the organelle responsible for mechanoelectrical transduction, we localized and quantified the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) of the bundle. We found that each hair bundle contains ~106 PMCA molecules or ~2000 per square micrometer of bundle membrane and that PMCA is the principal calmodulin binding protein of the bundle. Consistent with biochemical estimates of PMCA density, we measured with extracellular Ca2+-selective electrodes a substantial Ca2+ efflux from bundles. The number of bundle Ca2+ pumps and magnitude of resting Ca2+ efflux suggested that PMCA should generate a substantial membrane current as bundles expel Ca2+. Measurement of whole-cell currents revealed a transduction-dependent outward current that was consistent with the activity of PMCA. Finally, dialysis of hair cells with PMCA inhibitors led to a large increase in the concentration of Ca2+ in bundles, which suggests that PMCA plays a major role in regulating bundle Ca2+ concentration. Our data further indicate that PMCA could elevate the extracellular Ca2+ concentration close to hair bundles above the low level found in bulk endolymph.
Key words: hair cell; hearing; calcium; ATPase; stereocilia; hair bundle; ion-selective probe
Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/98/182610-15$05.00/0
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