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The Journal of Neuroscience, November 1, 1998, 18(21):8571-8579

alpha -Conotoxin AuIB Selectively Blocks alpha 3beta 4 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors and Nicotine-Evoked Norepinephrine Release

Siqin Luo1, Jennifer M. Kulak1, G. Edward Cartier1, Richard B. Jacobsen1, Doju Yoshikami1, Baldomero M. Olivera1, and J. Michael McIntosh1, 2

Departments of 1 Biology and 2 Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) with putative alpha 3beta 4-subunits have been implicated in the mediation of signaling in various systems, including ganglionic transmission peripherally and nicotine-evoked neurotransmitter release centrally. However, progress in the characterization of these receptors has been hampered by a lack of alpha 3beta 4-selective ligands. In this report, we describe the purification and characterization of an alpha 3beta 4 nAChR antagonist, alpha -conotoxin AuIB, from the venom of the "court cone," Conus aulicus. We also describe the total chemical synthesis of this and two related peptides that were also isolated from the venom. alpha -Conotoxin AuIB blocks alpha 3beta 4 nAChRs expressed in Xenopus oocytes with an IC50 of 0.75 µM, a kon of 1.4 × 106 min-1 M-1, a koff of 0.48 min-1, and a Kd of 0.5 µM. Furthermore, alpha -conotoxin AuIB blocks the alpha 3beta 4 receptor with >100-fold higher potency than other receptor subunit combinations, including alpha 2beta 2, alpha 2beta 4, alpha 3beta 2, alpha 4beta 2, alpha 4beta 4, and alpha 1beta 1gamma delta . Thus, AuIB is a novel, selective probe for alpha 3beta 4 nAChRs. AuIB (1-5 µM) blocks 20-35% of the nicotine-stimulated norepinephrine release from rat hippocampal synaptosomes, whereas nicotine-evoked dopamine release from striatal synaptosomes is not affected. Conversely, the alpha 3beta 2-specific alpha -conotoxin MII (100 nM) blocks 33% of striatal dopamine release but not hippocampal norepinephrine release. This suggests that in the respective systems, alpha 3beta 4-containing nAChRs mediate norepinephrine release, whereas alpha 3beta 2-containing receptors mediate dopamine release.

Key words: nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; alpha conotoxin; alpha 3beta 4; norepinephrine; dopamine; hippocampus; striatum; synaptosomes; Xenopus oocytes


Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/98/18218571-09$05.00/0


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