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The Journal of Neuroscience, December 1, 1998, 18(23):9607-9619
Slow Closed-State Inactivation: A Novel Mechanism Underlying Ramp
Currents in Cells Expressing the hNE/PN1 Sodium Channel
Theodore R.
Cummins1, 3,
James R.
Howe2, and
Stephen
G.
Waxman1, 2, 3
Departments of 1 Neurology and
2 Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New
Haven, Connecticut 06510, and 3 Neuroscience Research
Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut
06516
To better understand why sensory neurons express voltage-gated
Na+ channel isoforms that are different from those
expressed in other types of excitable cells, we compared the properties
of the hNE sodium channel [a human homolog of PN1, which
is selectively expressed in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons] with
that of the skeletal muscle Na+ channel (hSkM1)
[both expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells]. Although
the voltage dependence of activation was similar, the inactivation
properties were different. The V1/2 for steady-state inactivation was slightly more negative, and the rate of open-state inactivation was ~50% slower for hNE. However, the greatest
difference was that closed-state inactivation and recovery from
inactivation were up to fivefold slower for hNE than for hSkM1
channels. TTX-sensitive (TTX-S) currents in small DRG neurons also have
slow closed-state inactivation, suggesting that hNE/PN1 contributes to
this TTX-S current. Slow ramp depolarizations (0.25 mV/msec) elicited
TTX-S persistent currents in cells expressing hNE channels, and in DRG neurons, but not in cells expressing hSkM1 channels. We propose that
slow closed-state inactivation underlies these ramp currents. This
conclusion is supported by data showing that divalent cations such as
Cd2+ and Zn2+ (50-200
µM) slowed closed-state inactivation and also
dramatically increased the ramp currents for DRG TTX-S currents and hNE
channels but not for hSkM1 channels. The hNE and DRG TTX-S ramp
currents activated near 65 mV and therefore could play an important
role in boosting stimulus depolarizations in sensory neurons. These results suggest that differences in the kinetics of closed-state inactivation may confer distinct integrative properties on different Na+ channel isoforms.
Key words:
sodium channel; persistent current; dorsal root ganglion; excitability; tetrodotoxin; expression
Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/98/18239607-13$05.00/0
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