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The Journal of Neuroscience, December 1, 1998, 18(23):9673-9684

Glutamate Potentiates the Toxicity of Mutant Cu/Zn-Superoxide Dismutase in Motor Neurons by Postsynaptic Calcium-Dependent Mechanisms

Josée Roy1, Sandra Minotti1, Lichun Dong2, Denise A. Figlewicz2, 3, and Heather D. Durham1

1 Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4, and Departments of 2 Neurology and 3 Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Rochester, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642

Mutations in the Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) gene are responsible for a subset of familial cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Using a primary culture model, we have demonstrated that normally nontoxic glutamatergic input, particularly via calcium-permeable AMPA/kainate receptors, is a major factor in the vulnerability of motor neurons to the toxicity of SOD-1 mutants. Wild-type and mutant (G41R, G93A, or N139K) human SOD-1 were expressed in motor neurons of dissociated cultures of murine spinal cord by intranuclear microinjection of plasmid expression vector. Both a general antagonist of AMPA/kainate receptors (CNQX) and a specific antagonist of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors (joro spider toxin) reduced formation of SOD-1 proteinaceous aggregates and prevented death of motor neurons expressing SOD-1 mutants. Partial protection was obtained by treatment with nifedipine, implicating Ca2+ entry through voltage-gated calcium channels as well as glutamate receptors in potentiating the toxicity of mutant SOD-1 in motor neurons. Dramatic neuroprotection was obtained by coexpressing the calcium-binding protein calbindin-D28k but not by increasing intracellular glutathione levels or treatment with the free radical spin trap agent, N-tert-butyl-alpha -phenylnitrone. Thus, generalized oxidative stress could have contributed in only a minor way to death of motor neurons expressing the mutant SOD-1. These studies demonstrated that the toxicity of these mutants is calcium-dependent and provide direct evidence that calcium entry during neurotransmission, coupled with deficiency of cytosolic calcium-binding proteins, is a major factor in the preferential vulnerability of motor neurons to disease.

Key words: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; ALS; superoxide dismutase-1; neurotoxicity; motor neuron; culture model; excitotoxicity; glutamate receptors; calbindin; calcium-binding proteins; glutathione; selective vulnerability; oxidative stress


Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/98/18239673-12$05.00/0


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