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The Journal of Neuroscience, December 1, 1998, 18(23):9835-9844
Regulation of F-Actin Stability in Dendritic Spines by Glutamate
Receptors and Calcineurin
Shelley
Halpain,
Arlene
Hipolito, and
Linda
Saffer
Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La
Jolla, California 92037
Neuronal degeneration and cell death can result from excessive
activation of receptors for the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate;
however, the very earliest changes in cytoskeletal organization have
not been well documented. We have used an in vitro model
system to examine the early consequences of intense glutamate receptor
activation on dendritic spine synapses. Cultured hippocampal neurons
exposed to NMDA for as little as 5 min exhibited a rapid and
extensive loss of dendritic spines. Staining for the presynaptic marker
synapsin 1 and the postsynaptic density proteins PSD-95 and the
NR1 subunit of NMDA receptors remained intact. The disappearance
of spines was accompanied by a selective loss of filamentous actin
staining at synapses. The NMDA-induced loss of spine actin was time-
and concentration-dependent and blocked by NMDA receptor antagonists.
The effect was mimicked by L-glutamate, AMPA, and ionomycin
but not by agonists of L-type calcium channels or of metabotropic
glutamate receptors. The effect of NMDA on local actin assembly was
strongly attenuated by pretreatment with an actin stabilizing compound
or by an antagonist of the calcium-dependent protein phosphatase
calcineurin. Immunoreactivity for calcineurin was enriched at synapses
together with F-actin. These results indicate that the actin-mediated
stability of synaptic structure is disrupted by intense glutamate
receptor activity and that calcineurin blockers may be useful in
preventing such destabilization.
Key words:
dendrite; synapse; dendritic spine; postsynaptic; calcineurin; excitotoxicity; actin; cytoskeleton; glutamate; NMDA; neuronal culture
Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/98/18239835-10$05.00/0
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