WWW.JNEUROSCI.ORG
-
The Journal of Neuroscience PeproTech - Your Source for Neuroscience Research Reagents
 QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     
-


HOME
  |  
SEARCH  |   ARCHIVE  |   SUBSCRIBE  |   CONTACT  |   HELP

This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Submit an eLetter
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in ISI Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (798)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Peyron, C.
Right arrow Articles by Kilduff, T. S.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Peyron, C.
Right arrow Articles by Kilduff, T. S.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

The Journal of Neuroscience, December 1, 1998, 18(23):9996-10015

Neurons Containing Hypocretin (Orexin) Project to Multiple Neuronal Systems

Christelle Peyron1, Devin K. Tighe1, Anthony N. van den Pol1, 3, Luis de Lecea2, H. Craig Heller1, J. Gregor Sutcliffe2, and Thomas S. Kilduff1

1 Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, 2 Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, and 3 Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520

The novel neuropeptides called hypocretins (orexins) have recently been identified as being localized exclusively in cell bodies in a subregion of the tuberal part of the hypothalamus. The structure of the hypocretins, their accumulation in vesicles of axon terminals, and their excitatory effect on cultured hypothalamic neurons suggest that the hypocretins function in intercellular communication. To characterize these peptides further and to help understand what physiological functions they may serve, we undertook an immunohistochemical study to examine the distribution of preprohypocretin-immunoreactive neurons and fibers in the rat brain. Preprohypocretin-positive neurons were found in the perifornical nucleus and in the dorsal and lateral hypothalamic areas. These cells were distinct from those that express melanin-concentrating hormone. Although they represent a restricted group of cells, their projections were widely distributed in the brain. We observed labeled fibers throughout the hypothalamus. The densest extrahypothalamic projection was found in the locus coeruleus. Fibers were also seen in the septal nuclei, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the paraventricular and reuniens nuclei of the thalamus, the zona incerta, the subthalamic nucleus, the central gray, the substantia nigra, the raphe nuclei, the parabrachial area, the medullary reticular formation, and the nucleus of the solitary tract. Less prominent projections were found in cortical regions, central and anterior amygdaloid nuclei, and the olfactory bulb. These results suggest that hypocretins are likely to have a role in physiological functions in addition to food intake such as regulation of blood pressure, the neuroendocrine system, body temperature, and the sleep-waking cycle.

Key words: neuropeptide; hypothalamus; immunohistochemistry; blood pressure; feeding; autonomic functions; hypocretin; orexin; melanin-concentrating hormone; neuroendocrine


Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/98/18239996-20$05.00/0


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
J. Neurophysiol.Home page
K. A. Kohlmeier, S. Watanabe, C. J. Tyler, S. Burlet, and C. S. Leonard
Dual Orexin Actions on Dorsal Raphe and Laterodorsal Tegmentum Neurons: Noisy Cation Current Activation and Selective Enhancement of Ca2+ Transients Mediated by L-Type Calcium Channels
J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2008; 100(4): 2265 - 2281.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Neurosci.Home page
Y. Rao, M. Lu, F. Ge, D. J. Marsh, S. Qian, A. H. Wang, M. R. Picciotto, and X.-B. Gao
Regulation of Synaptic Efficacy in Hypocretin/Orexin-Containing Neurons by Melanin Concentrating Hormone in the Lateral Hypothalamus
J. Neurosci., September 10, 2008; 28(37): 9101 - 9110.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
BrainHome page
P. C. Baier, S. L. Weinhold, V. Huth, B. Gottwald, R. Ferstl, and D. Hinze-Selch
Olfactory dysfunction in patients with narcolepsy with cataplexy is restored by intranasal Orexin A (Hypocretin-1)
Brain, August 21, 2008; (2008) awn193v1.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
H.-Y. Peng, H.-M. Chang, S. Y. Chang, K.-C. Tung, S.-D. Lee, D. Chou, C.-Y. Lai, C.-H. Chiu, G.-D. Chen, and T.-B. Lin
Orexin-A modulates glutamatergic NMDA-dependent spinal reflex potentiation via inhibition of NR2B subunit
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2008; 295(1): E117 - E129.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Neurophysiol.Home page
C. G. Diniz Behn, N. Kopell, E. N. Brown, T. Mochizuki, and T. E. Scammell
Delayed Orexin Signaling Consolidates Wakefulness and Sleep: Physiology and Modeling
J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2008; 99(6): 3090 - 3103.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Neurosci.Home page
Y. Li and A. N. van den Pol
{micro}-Opioid Receptor-Mediated Depression of the Hypothalamic Hypocretin/Orexin Arousal System
J. Neurosci., March 12, 2008; 28(11): 2814 - 2819.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
C. M. Kotz, J. A. Teske, and C. J. Billington
Neuroregulation of nonexercise activity thermogenesis and obesity resistance
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, March 1, 2008; 294(3): R699 - R710.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
J. Terada, A. Nakamura, W. Zhang, M. Yanagisawa, T. Kuriyama, Y. Fukuda, and T. Kuwaki
Ventilatory long-term facilitation in mice can be observed during both sleep and wake periods and depends on orexin
J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2008; 104(2): 499 - 507.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
BrainHome page
S. Schwartz, A. Ponz, R. Poryazova, E. Werth, P. Boesiger, R. Khatami, and C. L. Bassetti
Abnormal activity in hypothalamus and amygdala during humour processing in human narcolepsy with cataplexy
Brain, February 1, 2008; 131(2): 514 - 522.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
M. B. Kelz, Y. Sun, J. Chen, Q. Cheng Meng, J. T. Moore, S. C. Veasey, S. Dixon, M. Thornton, H. Funato, and M. Yanagisawa
An essential role for orexins in emergence from general anesthesia
PNAS, January 29, 2008; 105(4): 1309 - 1314.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Neurosci.Home page
S. A. Deadwyler, L. Porrino, J. M. Siegel, and R. E. Hampson
Systemic and Nasal Delivery of Orexin-A (Hypocretin-1) Reduces the Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognitive Performance in Nonhuman Primates
J. Neurosci., December 26, 2007; 27(52): 14239 - 14247.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Neurosci.Home page
C. Blanco-Centurion, D. Gerashchenko, and P. J. Shiromani
Effects of Saporin-Induced Lesions of Three Arousal Populations on Daily Levels of Sleep and Wake
J. Neurosci., December 19, 2007; 27(51): 14041 - 14048.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Neurosci.Home page
A. W. Johnson, H. S. Crombag, K. Takamiya, J. M. Baraban, P. C. Holland, R. L. Huganir, and I. M. Reti
A Selective Role for Neuronal Activity Regulated Pentraxin in the Processing of Sensory-Specific Incentive Value
J. Neurosci., December 5, 2007; 27(49): 13430 - 13435.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
C. S. McPherson, T. Featherby, E. Krstew, and J. L. Andrew
Quantification of Phosphorylated cAMP-Response Element-Binding Protein Expression throughout the Brain of Amphetamine-Sensitized Rats: Activation of Hypothalamic Orexin A-Containing Neurons
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., December 1, 2007; 323(3): 805 - 812.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
B.-S. Deng, A. Nakamura, W. Zhang, M. Yanagisawa, Y. Fukuda, and T. Kuwaki
Contribution of orexin in hypercapnic chemoreflex: evidence from genetic and pharmacological disruption and supplementation studies in mice
J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2007; 103(5): 1772 - 1779.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Schizophr BullHome page
E. K. Lambe, R.-J. Liu, and G. K. Aghajanian
Schizophrenia, Hypocretin (Orexin), and the Thalamocortical Activating System
Schizophr Bull, November 1, 2007; 33(6): 1284 - 1290.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Schizophr BullHome page
A. Y. Deutch and M. Bubser
The Orexins/Hypocretins and Schizophrenia
Schizophr Bull, November 1, 2007; 33(6): 1277 - 1283.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Neurosci.Home page
H. Zheng, L. M. Patterson, and H.-R. Berthoud
Orexin Signaling in the Ventral Tegmental Area Is Required for High-Fat Appetite Induced by Opioid Stimulation of the Nucleus Accumbens
J. Neurosci., October 10, 2007; 27(41): 11075 - 11082.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
P. Silveyra, V. Lux-Lantos, and C. Libertun
Both orexin receptors are expressed in rat ovaries and fluctuate with the estrous cycle: effects of orexin receptor antagonists on gonadotropins and ovulation
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, October 1, 2007; 293(4): E977 - E985.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J PsychopharmacolHome page
R.H. Hou, R.W. Langley, E. Szabadi, and C.M. Bradshaw
Comparison of diphenhydramine and modafinil on arousal and autonomic functions in healthy volunteers
J Psychopharmacol, August 1, 2007; 21(6): 567 - 578.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
R. H. Williams, L. T. Jensen, A. Verkhratsky, L. Fugger, and D. Burdakov
Control of hypothalamic orexin neurons by acid and CO2
PNAS, June 19, 2007; 104(25): 10685 - 10690.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
BrainHome page
R. Fronczek, S. Overeem, S. Y. Y. Lee, Ingrid. M. Hegeman, J. van Pelt, Sjoerd. G. van Duinen, G. J. Lammers, and D. F. Swaab
Hypocretin (orexin) loss in Parkinson's disease
Brain, June 1, 2007; 130(6): 1577 - 1585.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. PsychiatryHome page
J Mathis, C W Hess, and C Bassetti
Isolated mediotegmental lesion causing narcolepsy and rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder: a case evidencing a common pathway in narcolepsy and rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, April 1, 2007; 78(4): 427 - 429.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Neurosci.Home page
J. W. Muschamp, J. M. Dominguez, S. M. Sato, R.-Y. Shen, and E. M. Hull
A Role for Hypocretin (Orexin) in Male Sexual Behavior
J. Neurosci., March 14, 2007; 27(11): 2837 - 2845.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
P. Silveyra, P. N. Catalano, V. Lux-Lantos, and C. Libertun
Impact of proestrous milieu on expression of orexin receptors and prepro-orexin in rat hypothalamus and hypophysis: actions of Cetrorelix and Nembutal
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, March 1, 2007; 292(3): E820 - E828.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
BrainHome page
K. Stiasny-Kolster, S.-C. Clever, J. C. Moller, W. H. Oertel, and G. Mayer
Olfactory dysfunction in patients with narcolepsy with and without REM sleep behaviour disorder
Brain, February 1, 2007; 130(2): 442 - 449.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Anesth. Analg.Home page
Y. He, M. Kudo, T. Kudo, T. Kushikata, E. Li, and K. Hirota
The Effects of Benzodiazepines on Orexinergic Systems in Rat Cerebrocortical Slices
Anesth. Analg., February 1, 2007; 104(2): 338 - 340.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
W. K. Samson, S. L. Bagley, A. V. Ferguson, and M. M. White
Hypocretin/orexin type 1 receptor in brain: role in cardiovascular control and the neuroendocrine response to immobilization stress
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, January 1, 2007; 292(1): R382 - R387.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
E. Szentirmai, L. Kapas, and J. M. Krueger
Ghrelin microinjection into forebrain sites induces wakefulness and feeding in rats
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, January 1, 2007; 292(1): R575 - R585.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Neurosci.Home page
D. A. Prober, J. Rihel, A. A. Onah, R.-J. Sung, and A. F. Schier
Hypocretin/Orexin Overexpression Induces An Insomnia-Like Phenotype in Zebrafish
J. Neurosci., December 20, 2006; 26(51): 13400 - 13410.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Neurosci.Home page
Y. Li and A. N. van den Pol
Differential Target-Dependent Actions of Coexpressed Inhibitory Dynorphin and Excitatory Hypocretin/Orexin Neuropeptides
J. Neurosci., December 13, 2006; 26(50): 13037 - 13047.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Exp. Biol. Med.Home page
M. Tanida, A. Niijima, J. Shen, S. Yamada, H. Sawai, Y. Fukuda, and K. Nagai
Dose-different effects of orexin-a on the renal sympathetic nerve and blood pressure in urethane-anesthetized rats.
Experimental Biology and Medicine, November 1, 2006; 231(10): 1616 - 1625.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Neurosci.Home page
J. Nasman, G. Bart, K. Larsson, L. Louhivuori, H. Peltonen, and K. E. O. Akerman
The Orexin OX1 Receptor Regulates Ca2+ Entry via Diacylglycerol-Activated Channels in Differentiated Neuroblastoma Cells.
J. Neurosci., October 18, 2006; 26(42): 10658 - 10666.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Biol. Chem.Home page
J. H. Faraco, L. Appelbaum, W. Marin, S. E. Gaus, P. Mourrain, and E. Mignot
Regulation of Hypocretin (Orexin) Expression in Embryonic Zebrafish
J. Biol. Chem., October 6, 2006; 281(40): 29753 - 29761.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
EndocrinologyHome page
T. Voisin, A. E. Firar, V. Avondo, and M. Laburthe
Orexin-Induced Apoptosis: The Key Role of the Seven-Transmembrane Domain Orexin Type 2 Receptor
Endocrinology, October 1, 2006; 147(10): 4977 - 4984.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
B. E. Levin
Orexins: neuropeptides for all seasons and functions
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, October 1, 2006; 291(4): R885 - R888.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
J. A. Teske, A. S. Levine, M. Kuskowski, J. A. Levine, and C. M. Kotz
Elevated hypothalamic orexin signaling, sensitivity to orexin A, and spontaneous physical activity in obesity-resistant rats
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, October 1, 2006; 291(4): R889 - R899.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
M. Szekely
Orexins, energy balance, temperature, sleep-wake cycle
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, September 1, 2006; 291(3): R530 - R532.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
T. Mochizuki, E. B. Klerman, T. Sakurai, and T. E. Scammell
Elevated body temperature during sleep in orexin knockout mice
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, September 1, 2006; 291(3): R533 - R540.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Physiol.Home page
X. Xie, T. L. Crowder, A. Yamanaka, Stephen. R. Morairty, R. D. LeWinter, T. Sakurai, and T. S. Kilduff
GABAB receptor-mediated modulation of hypocretin/orexin neurones in mouse hypothalamus
J. Physiol., July 15, 2006; 574(2): 399 - 414.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Neurophysiol.Home page
A. Yamanaka, Y. Muraki, K. Ichiki, N. Tsujino, T. S. Kilduff, K. Goto, and T. Sakurai
Orexin Neurons Are Directly and Indirectly Regulated by Catecholamines in a Complex Manner
J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2006; 96(1): 284 - 298.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Neurophysiol.Home page
Y. Tamakawa, A. Karashima, Y. Koyama, N. Katayama, and M. Nakao
A Quartet Neural System Model Orchestrating Sleep and Wakefulness Mechanisms
J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2006; 95(4): 2055 - 2069.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
R. Bernard, R. Lydic, and H. A. Baghdoyan
Hypocretin (Orexin) Receptor Subtypes Differentially Enhance Acetylcholine Release and Activate G Protein Subtypes in Rat Pontine Reticular Formation
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., April 1, 2006; 317(1): 163 - 171.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Neurophysiol.Home page
H. Huang, P. Ghosh, and A. N. van den Pol
Prefrontal Cortex-Projecting Glutamatergic Thalamic Paraventricular Nucleus-Excited by Hypocretin: A Feedforward Circuit That May Enhance Cognitive Arousal
J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2006; 95(3): 1656 - 1668.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Neurosci.Home page
M. Narita, Y. Nagumo, S. Hashimoto, M. Narita, J. Khotib, M. Miyatake, T. Sakurai, M. Yanagisawa, T. Nakamachi, S. Shioda, et al.
Direct Involvement of Orexinergic Systems in the Activation of the Mesolimbic Dopamine Pathway and Related Behaviors Induced by Morphine
J. Neurosci., January 11, 2006; 26(2): 398 - 405.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
B. Boutrel, P. J. Kenny, S. E. Specio, R. Martin-Fardon, A. Markou, G. F. Koob, and L. de Lecea
Role for hypocretin in mediating stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior
PNAS, December 27, 2005; 102(52): 19168 - 19173.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
NeuroscientistHome page
R. K. Reinscheid and Y.-L. Xu
Neuropeptide S and Its Receptor: A Newly Deorphanized G Protein-Coupled Receptor System
Neuroscientist, December 1, 2005; 11(6): 532 - 538.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
P. R. Holland, S. Akerman, and P. J. Goadsby
Orexin 1 Receptor Activation Attenuates Neurogenic Dural Vasodilation in an Animal Model of Trigeminovascular Nociception
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., December 1, 2005; 315(3): 1380 - 1385.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J PsychopharmacolHome page
S. Tighe and T. Dinan
An overview of the central control of weight regulation and the effect of antipsychotic medication
J Psychopharmacol, November 1, 2005; 19(6_suppl): 36 - 46.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
J. Physiol.Home page
K. Takakusaki, K. Takahashi, K. Saitoh, H. Harada, T. Okumura, Y. Kayama, and Y. Koyama
Orexinergic projections to the cat midbrain mediate alternation of emotional behavioural states from locomotion to cataplexy
J. Physiol., November 1, 2005; 568(3): 1003 - 1020.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Neurosci.Home page
S. Thankachan and B. Rusak
Juxtacellular Recording/Labeling Analysis of Physiological and Anatomical Characteristics of Rat Intergeniculate Leaflet Neurons
J. Neurosci., October 5, 2005; 25(40): 9195 - 9204.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
FocusHome page
J. E. Black, S. Nishino, and S. N. Brooks
Narcolepsy and Syndromes of Central Nervous System-Mediated Sleepiness
Focus, October 1, 2005; 3(4): 585 - 597.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Physiol. Rev.Home page
S. Stanley, K. Wynne, B. McGowan, and S. Bloom
Hormonal Regulation of Food Intake
Physiol Rev, October 1, 2005; 85(4): 1131 - 1158.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Neurophysiol.Home page
G. Wollmann, C. Acuna-Goycolea, and A. N. van den Pol
Direct Excitation of Hypocretin/Orexin Cells by Extracellular ATP at P2X Receptors
J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2005; 94(3): 2195 - 2206.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
EndocrinologyHome page
G. M. Sutton, B. Duos, L. M. Patterson, and H.-R. Berthoud
Melanocortinergic Modulation of Cholecystokinin-Induced Suppression of Feeding through Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling in Rat Solitary Nucleus
Endocrinology, September 1, 2005; 146(9): 3739 - 3747.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
EndocrinologyHome page
G. K. Ford, K. A. Al-Barazanji, S. Wilson, D. N. C. Jones, M. S. Harbuz, and D. S. Jessop
Orexin Expression and Function: Glucocorticoid Manipulation, Stress, and Feeding Studies
Endocrinology, September 1, 2005; 146(9): 3724 - 3731.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
EndocrinologyHome page
A. B. Hardy, J. Aioun, C. Baly, K. A. Julliard, M. Caillol, R. Salesse, and P. Duchamp-Viret
Orexin A Modulates Mitral Cell Activity in the Rat Olfactory Bulb: Patch-Clamp Study on Slices and Immunocytochemical Localization of Orexin Receptors
Endocrinology, September 1, 2005; 146(9): 4042 - 4053.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
O. Dergacheva, X. Wang, Z.-G. Huang, E. Bouairi, C. Stephens, C. Gorini, and D. Mendelowitz
Hypocretin-1 (Orexin-A) Facilitates Inhibitory and Diminishes Excitatory Synaptic Pathways to Cardiac Vagal