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The Journal of Neuroscience, December 15, 1998, 18(24):10269-10276
Enhanced Opioid Efficacy in Opioid Dependence Is Caused by an
Altered Signal Transduction Pathway
Susan L.
Ingram,
Christopher W.
Vaughan,
Elena E.
Bagley,
Mark
Connor, and
MacDonald J.
Christie
Department of Pharmacology and The Medical Foundation, The
University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
Chronic morphine administration induces adaptations in neurons
resulting in opioid tolerance and dependence. Functional studies have
implicated a role for the periaqueductal gray area (PAG) in the
expression of many signs of opioid withdrawal, but the cellular
mechanisms are not fully understood. This study describes an increased
efficacy, rather than tolerance, of opioid agonists at µ-receptors on
GABAergic (but not glutamatergic) nerve terminals in PAG after chronic
morphine treatment. Opioid withdrawal enhanced the amplitudes of
electrically evoked inhibitory synaptic currents mediated by
GABAA receptors and increased the frequency of spontaneous miniature GABAergic synaptic currents. These effects were not blocked
by 4-aminopyridine or dendrotoxin, although both Kv channel blockers
abolish acute opioid presynaptic inhibition of GABA release in PAG.
Instead, the withdrawal-induced increases were blocked by protein
kinase A inhibitors and occluded by metabolically stable cAMP analogs,
which do not prevent acute opioid actions. These findings indicate that
opioid dependence induces efficacious coupling of µ-receptors to
presynaptic inhibition in GABAergic nerve terminals via adenylyl
cyclase- and protein kinase A-dependent processes in PAG. The potential
role of these adaptations in expression of withdrawal behavior was
supported by inhibition of enhanced GABAergic synaptic transmission by
the 2 adrenoceptor agonist clonidine. These findings
provide a cellular mechanism that is consistent with other studies
demonstrating attenuated opioid withdrawal behavior after injections of
protein kinase A inhibitors into PAG and suggest a general mechanism
whereby opioid withdrawal may enhance synaptic neurotransmission.
Key words:
opioid efficacy; opioid dependence; opioid withdrawal; sensitization; periaqueductal gray; adenylyl cyclase; protein kinase A; synaptic plasticity
Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/98/182410269-08$05.00/0
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