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The Journal of Neuroscience, December 15, 1998, 18(24):10709-10723
Rhythmic Properties of the Hamster Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
In Vivo
Shin
Yamazaki,
Marie C.
Kerbeshian,
Craig G.
Hocker,
Gene D.
Block, and
Michael
Menaker
National Science Foundation Center for Biological Timing,
Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville,
Virginia 22903
We recorded multiple unit neural activity [multiunit activity
(MUA)] from inside and outside of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in
freely moving male golden hamsters housed in running-wheel cages under
both light/dark cycles and constant darkness. The circadian period of
MUA in the SCN matched the period of locomotor activity; it was ~24
hr in wild-type and 20 hr in homozygous tau mutant
hamsters. The peak of MUA in the SCN always occurred in the middle of
the day or, in constant darkness, the subjective day. There were
circadian rhythms of MUA outside of the SCN in the ventrolateral
thalamic nucleus, the caudate putamen, the accumbens nucleus, the
medial septum, the lateral septum, the ventromedial hypothalamic
nucleus, the medial preoptic region, and the stria medullaris. These
rhythms were out-of-phase with the electrical rhythm in the SCN but
in-phase with the rhythm of locomotor activity, peaking during the
night or subjective night. In addition to circadian rhythms, there were
significant ultradian rhythms present; one, with a period of ~80 min,
was in antiphase between the SCN and other brain areas, and another,
with a period of ~14 min, was in-phase between the SCN and other
brain areas. The periods of these ultradian rhythms were not
significantly different in wild-type and tau mutant
hamsters. Of particular interest was the unique phase relationship
between the MUA of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and
the SCN; in these two areas both circadian and ultradian components
were always in-phase. This suggests that the BNST is strongly coupled
to the SCN and may be one of its major output pathways. In addition to
circadian and ultradian rhythms of MUA, neural activity both within and
outside the SCN was acutely affected by locomotor activity. Whenever a
hamster ran on its wheel, MUA in the SCN and the BNST was suppressed, and MUA in other areas was enhanced.
Key words:
circadian; ultradian; suprachiasmatic nucleus; in
vivo recording; hamster; tau mutant; locomotor
activity; bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; MUA
Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/98/182410709-15$05.00/0
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