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Previous Article | Next Article
The Journal of Neuroscience, March 1, 1998, 18(5):1827-1840
Transition of Brain Activation from Frontal to Parietal Areas in Visuomotor Sequence Learning
Katsuyuki Sakai1, 2, Okihide Hikosaka1, Satoru Miyauchi3, Ryousuke Takino4, Yuka Sasaki3, and Benno Pütz5 1 Department of Physiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113, Japan, 2 Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Japan, 3 Human Neurosystem Science Section, Intelligent Communications Division, Communications Research Laboratory, Tokyo 184, Japan, 4 Shiraume Gakuen College, Tokyo 187, Japan, and 5 Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Kyoto 619-02, Japan
We studied the neural correlates of visuomotor sequence learning using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In the test condition, subjects learned, by trial and error, the correct order of pressing two buttons consecutively for 10 pairs of buttons (2 × 10 task); in the control condition, they pressed buttons in any order. Comparison between the test condition and the control condition revealed four brain areas specifically related to learning: the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA), the precuneus, and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS). We found that the time course of activation during learning was different between these areas. To normalize the individual differences in the speed of learning, we classified the performance of each subject into three learning stages: early, intermediate, and advanced stages. Both the relative increase of signal intensity and the number of activated pixels within the four areas showed significant changes across the learning stages, with different time courses. The two frontal areas, DLPFC and pre-SMA, were activated in the earlier stages of learning, whereas the two parietal areas, precuneus and IPS, were activated in the later stages. Specifically, DLPFC, pre-SMA, precuneus, and IPS were most highly activated in the early stage, in both the early and intermediate stages, in the intermediate stage, and in both the intermediate and advanced stages, respectively. The results suggest that the acquisition of visuomotor sequences requires frontal activation, whereas the retrieval of visuomotor sequences requires parietal activation, which might reflect the transition from the declarative stage to the procedural stage.
Key words: visuomotor sequence; learning; functional magnetic resonance imaging; procedure; prefrontal cortex; presupplementary motor area; precuneus; intraparietal sulcus
Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/98/1851827-14$05.00/0
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