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The Journal of Neuroscience, March 1, 1998, 18(5):1848-1859
Involvement of cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase in the Nucleus
Accumbens in Cocaine Self-Administration and Relapse of Cocaine-Seeking
Behavior
David W.
Self1,
Lisa M.
Genova2, 3,
Bruce T.
Hope2,
William J.
Barnhart1,
Jennifer J.
Spencer1, and
Eric J.
Nestler1
1 Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Departments of
Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine,
Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut 06508, 2 Molecular Plasticity Section, National Institutes of
Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4135, and
3 Program in Neuroscience, Harvard University, Boston,
Massachusetts 02115
cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc)
has been implicated in cocaine addiction because (1) cocaine reinforcement is mediated by dopamine receptors that modulate cAMP
formation, and (2) repeated exposure to cocaine upregulates the cAMP
system in NAc neurons. This study tested PKA involvement in cocaine
self-administration and relapse of cocaine-seeking behavior by infusing
cAMP analogs that activate or inhibit PKA into the NAc of rats.
Bilateral intra-NAc infusions of the PKA inhibitor
Rp-cAMPS reduced baseline cocaine
self-administration, shifted the dose-response curve for cocaine
self-administration to the left, and induced relapse of cocaine-seeking
behavior after extinction from cocaine self-administration, consistent
with an enhancement of cocaine effects in each paradigm. In contrast, pretreatment with intra-NAc infusions of a PKA activator,
Sp-cAMPS or dibutyryl cAMP, increased
baseline cocaine self-administration during the second hour of testing
and shifted the dose-response curve to the right, consistent with
an antagonist-like action. After extinction from cocaine
self-administration, similar infusions of Sp-cAMPS induced generalized
responding at both drug-paired and inactive levers. As an index of PKA
activity in vivo, NAc infusions of Rp-cAMPS reduced
basal levels of dopamine-regulated phosphoprotein-32 phosphorylation
and blocked amphetamine-induced increases in cAMP response
element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation. Conversely, NAc
infusions of Sp-cAMPS increased
phosphorylation of CREB. Together, these results suggest that sustained
upregulation of the cAMP system in the NAc after repeated cocaine
exposure could underlie tolerance to cocaine reinforcement, whereas
acute inhibition of this system may contribute to drug craving and
relapse in addicted subjects.
Key words:
Protein kinase A, reward, reinforcement, drug addiction,
dopamine, drug craving, reinstatement
Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/98/1851848-12$05.00/0
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