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The Journal of Neuroscience, April 15, 1998, 18(8):2974-2981
Evidence That Increased Hippocampal Expression of the Cytokine
Interleukin-1 Is a Common Trigger for Age- and Stress-Induced
Impairments in Long-Term Potentiation
Ciara A.
Murray and
Marina A.
Lynch
Department of Physiology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
Several cytokines and their receptors are identified in brain; one
of these is the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 that is
synthesized and released from neurons and glia in response to stress or
insult. Among the actions of interleukin-1 is its ability to inhibit
long-term potentiation in the hippocampus in vitro, an
action that mimics one of the consequences of stress and age. It has
been shown that the concentration of interleukin-1 in brain tissue
is increased in neurodegenerative conditions, and recent evidence from
our laboratory has indicated an increase in the concentration of
interleukin-1 in the hippocampus of aged rats. These observations
led us to consider that the underlying common cause of impaired
long-term potentiation in aged and stressed rats might be increased
endogenous interleukin-1 concentration in hippocampus. The data
presented here indicate that there was an inverse relationship between
concentration of interleukin-1 in the dentate gyrus and long-term
potentiation in perforant path granule cell synapses in aged rats,
stressed rats, and rats pretreated with interleukin-1. The evidence
suggested that the cytokine induces formation of reactive oxygen
species that triggers lipid peroxidation in vivo, as
well as in vitro, and that these changes lead to
depletion of membrane arachidonic acid that correlates with impaired
long-term potentiation. We propose that three theories of aging, the
glucocorticoid theory, the membrane theory, and the free radical
theory, constitute three facets of age with one underlying trigger: an
increase in the endogenous concentration of interleukin-1 in
hippocampus.
Key words:
long-term potentiation; dentate gyrus; interleukin-1; aging; stress; lipid peroxidation; arachidonic acid; reactive oxygen
species
Copyright © 1998 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/98/1882974-08$05.00/0
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