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The Journal of Neuroscience, May 15, 1999, 19(10):4110-4122
Enhancement of Locomotor Activity and Conditioned Reward to
Cocaine by Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
Brian A.
Horger,
Christiana A.
Iyasere,
Melissa T.
Berhow,
Chad J.
Messer,
Eric J.
Nestler, and
Jane R.
Taylor
Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Departments of Psychiatry,
Pharmacology, and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine and
Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
The mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system has been implicated in drug
reward, locomotor sensitization, and responding for reward-related stimuli [termed conditioned reinforcers (CR)]. Here, we investigated the effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which enhances
the survival and function of dopaminergic neurons, on stimulant-induced
locomotor sensitization and responding for CR. In experiment 1, BDNF was infused into the nucleus accumbens (NAc) or ventral tegmental
area over 2 weeks via chronically implanted minipumps (1-2.5
µg/d), and the psychomotor stimulant effects of cocaine (5-15 mg/kg,
i.p.) were studied. We found that BDNF enhanced the initial stimulant
effects of cocaine and seemed to facilitate the development of
sensitization to repeated cocaine doses. In experiment 2, we studied
the effects of intra-NAc BDNF infusions on responding for CR.
BDNF-treated rats showed twice as many CR responses compared with
controls when saline was first administered. BDNF enhanced responding
on the CR lever more than four times that seen in control animals after
a cocaine injection (10 mg/kg, i.p.). The enhanced response to cocaine
in BDNF-treated animals persisted for more than a month after the BDNF
infusions had stopped, indicating long-lasting changes in the
mesolimbic DA system caused by BDNF administration. In experiment 3, we
examined locomotor sensitization to cocaine in heterozygous BDNF
knock-out mice and found that the development of sensitization was
delayed compared with wild-type littermates. These results demonstrate the profound effects of BDNF on the enhancement of both cocaine-induced locomotion and facilitation of CR and suggest a possible role for BDNF
in long-term adaptations of the brain to cocaine.
Key words:
BDNF; conditioned reward; psychomotor stimulant
sensitization; mesolimbic dopamine system; nucleus accumbens, ventral
tegmental area
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/19104110-13$05.00/0
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