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Previous Article | Next Article
The Journal of Neuroscience, May 15, 1999, 19(10):4132-4141
Dopamine Mediates Circadian Rhythms of Rod-Cone Dominance in the Japanese Quail Retina
Mary K. Manglapus1, P. Michael Iuvone2, Herbert Underwood3, Mary E. Pierce1, and Robert B. Barlow1 1 Center for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York Health Science Center, Syracuse, New York 13210, 2 Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, and 3 Department of Zoology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
A circadian clock modulates the functional organization of the Japanese quail retina. Under conditions of constant darkness, rods dominate electroretinogram (ERG) b-wave responses at night, and cones dominate them during the day, yielding a circadian rhythm in retinal sensitivity and rod-cone dominance. The activity of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis, also exhibits a circadian rhythm in the retina with approximately threefold higher levels during the day than at night. The rhythm of tyrosine hydroxylase activity is opposite in phase to the circadian activity of tryptophan hydroxylase, the first enzyme in the melatonin biosynthetic pathway. We tested whether dopamine may be related to the physiological rhythms of the retina by examining the actions of pharmacological agents that effect dopamine receptors. We found that blocking dopamine D2 receptors in the retina during the day mimics the nighttime state by increasing the amplitude of the b-wave and shifting the retina to rod dominance. Conversely, activating D2 receptors at night mimics the daytime state by decreasing the amplitude of the b-wave and shifting the retina to cone dominance. A selective antagonist for D1 dopamine receptors has no effect on retinal sensitivity or rod-cone dominance. Reducing retinal dopamine partially abolishes rhythms in sensitivity and yields a rod-dominated retina regardless of the time of day. These results suggest that dopamine, under the control of a circadian oscillator, has a key role in modulating sensitivity and rod-cone dominance in the Japanese quail retina.
Key words: dopamine; circadian rhythm; retina; ERG; quail; rod-cone dominance
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/19104132-10$05.00/0
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