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The Journal of Neuroscience, 1999, 19:RC1:1-6
RAPID COMMUNICATION
Presupplementary Motor Area Activation during Sequence Learning Reflects Visuo-Motor AssociationKatsuyuki Sakai1, 2, Okihide Hikosaka1, Satoru Miyauchi3, Yuka Sasaki3, Norio Fujimaki3, and Benno Pütz4 1 Department of Physiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113, Japan, 2 Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Japan, 3 Communications Research Laboratory, Kobe 651-24, Japan, and 4 Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Kyoto 619-02, Japan
In preceding studies (Hikosaka et al., 1996; Sakai et al., 1998) we have shown that the presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA), an anterior part of the medial premotor cortex, is active during visuo-motor sequence learning. However, the paradigm required the subjects first to acquire correct visuo-motor association and then to acquire correct sequence, and it was still unknown which of the two processes the pre-SMA is involved in. To further characterize the role of pre-SMA, we have conducted another series of functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments using three learning paradigms. The three were the same in that they involved a visuo-motor association component, but they differed in terms of the involvement of sequential components; one involved no sequence learning, whereas the other two involved learning of motor sequence or perceptual sequence. Comparison of the learning conditions with the any-order button press condition revealed pre-SMA activation in all three paradigms. The pre-SMA activation remained unchanged during learning of visuo-motor associations but decreased during learning of sequences, suggesting that the pre-SMA is related to visuo-motor association rather than sequence. The decrease of pre-SMA activation in the sequential paradigms may reflect the process by which individual visuo-motor associations were replaced by the formation of sequential procedural memory, which occurs outside the pre-SMA. Thus activation of the pre-SMA was related to the extent to which the task performance depended on conscious visuo-motor associations.
Key words: presupplementary motor area; visuo-motor association; sequence; learning; functional magnetic resonance imaging; premotor cortex
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/$05.00/0
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