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The Journal of Neuroscience, June 1, 1999, 19(11):4595-4608
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Local Field Potentials and Unit
Discharges in Cat Cerebral Cortex during Natural Wake and Sleep
States
Alain
Destexhe,
Diego
Contreras, and
Mircea
Steriade
Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Faculté de Médecine,
Université Laval, Québec G1K 7P4, Canada
The electroencephalogram displays various oscillation patterns
during wake and sleep states, but their spatiotemporal distribution is
not completely known. Local field potentials (LFPs) and multiunits were
recorded simultaneously in the cerebral cortex (areas 5-7) of
naturally sleeping and awake cats. Slow-wave sleep (SWS) was characterized by oscillations in the slow (<1 Hz) and delta (1-4 Hz)
frequency range. The high-amplitude slow-wave complexes consisted in a
positivity of depth LFP, associated with neuronal silence, followed by
a sharp LFP negativity, correlated with an increase of firing. This
pattern was of remarkable spatiotemporal coherence, because silences
and increased firing occurred simultaneously in units recorded within a
7 mm distance in the cortex. During wake and rapid-eye-movement
(REM) sleep, single units fired tonically, whereas LFPs
displayed low-amplitude fast activities with increased power in fast
frequencies (15-75 Hz). In contrast with the widespread synchronization during SWS, fast oscillations during REM and wake periods were synchronized only within neighboring electrodes and small
time windows (100-500 msec). This local synchrony occurred in an
apparent irregular manner, both spatially and temporally. Brief periods
(<1 sec) of fast oscillations were also present during SWS in between
slow-wave complexes. During these brief periods, the spatial and
temporal coherence, as well as the relation between units and LFPs, was
identical to that of fast oscillations of wake or REM sleep. These
results show that natural SWS in cats is characterized by slow-wave
complexes, synchronized over large cortical territories, interleaved
with brief periods of fast oscillations, characterized by local
synchrony, and of characteristics similar to that of the sustained fast
oscillations of activated states.
Key words:
fast oscillations; slow oscillations; arousal; sleep; spatiotemporal properties; cerebral cortex; coherence
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/19114595-14$05.00/0
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