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The Journal of Neuroscience, June 15, 1999, 19(12):5149-5158
Association of Storage and Processing Functions in the
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex of the Nonhuman Primate
Richard
Levy and
Patricia S.
Goldman-Rakic
Section of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New
Haven, Connecticut 06510
The prominent role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in working memory
(WM) is widely acknowledged both in nonhuman primates and in humans.
However, less agreement exists on the issue of functional segregation
within different subregions of the PFC with regard to the domains of
spatial and nonspatial processing or involvement in simpler versus more
complex aspects of WM, e.g., maintenance versus processing function. To
address these issues, six monkeys were trained to perform four WM tasks
that differed with respect to domain (spatial vs nonspatial) and level
of WM demand (recall of one vs three items). The delayed response
format was used to assess simple one-item memory, whereas self-ordering tasks were used to require the monkey to maintain and organize three
items of information within WM. After training, the monkeys received
bilateral PFC lesions in one of two different areas, Walker's areas 9 and 8B (dorsomedial convexity; n = 3) or areas 46 and 8A (dorsolateral cortex, n = 3) and then tested
postoperatively on all tasks.
Monkeys with lesions of the dorsomedial convexity were not impaired
either on spatial or nonspatial WM tasks, whether the task required
simple storage or sequential processing. By contrast, lesions of the
dorsolateral cortex produced a significant and persistent impairment in
both simple and complex spatial WM but no impairment in the two
nonspatial WM tasks. These results support a functional segregation
within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for WM: the dorsolateral
prefrontal cortex (area 46/8A) is selectively involved in spatial WM,
whereas the dorsomedial convexity (area 9/8B) is not critically engaged
in either spatial or nonspatial working memory. Furthermore, the
specific involvement of area 46/8A in spatial sequencing as well as in
single-item storage WM tasks supports, in the nonhuman primate, an
areal dissociation based on domain rather than on processing demand.
Key words:
rhesus monkey; delayed response; self-ordered tasks; cortical lesion; working memory; cognition
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/19125149-10$05.00/0
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