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The Journal of Neuroscience, August 1, 1999, 19(15):6457-6467
A Novel Neuron-Enriched Homolog of the Erythrocyte Membrane
Cytoskeletal Protein 4.1
Loren D.
Walensky1, 2,
Seth
Blackshaw1,
Dezhi
Liao1,
Crystal C.
Watkins1,
Heinz-Ulrich G.
Weier4,
Marilyn
Parra4,
Richard L.
Huganir1,
John G.
Conboy4,
Narla
Mohandas4, and
Solomon H.
Snyder1, 2, 3
Departments of 1 Neuroscience,
2 Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, and
3 Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, and 4 Life Sciences
Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of
California, Berkeley, California 94720
We report the molecular cloning and characterization of 4.1N, a
novel neuronal homolog of the erythrocyte membrane cytoskeletal protein
4.1 (4.1R). The 879 amino acid protein shares 70, 36, and 46% identity
with 4.1R in the defined membrane-binding, spectrin-actin-binding, and
C-terminal domains, respectively. 4.1N is expressed in almost all
central and peripheral neurons of the body and is detected in embryonic
neurons at the earliest stage of postmitotic differentiation. Like
4.1R, 4.1N has multiple splice forms as evidenced by PCR and Western
analysis. Whereas the predominant 4.1N isoform identified in brain is
~135 kDa, a smaller 100 kDa isoform is enriched in peripheral
tissues. Immunohistochemical studies using a polyclonal 4.1N antibody
revealed several patterns of neuronal staining, with localizations in
the neuronal cell body, dendrites, and axons. In certain neuronal
locations, including the granule cell layers of the cerebellum and
dentate gyrus, a distinct punctate-staining pattern was observed
consistent with a synaptic localization. In primary hippocampal
cultures, mouse 4.1N is enriched at the discrete sites of
synaptic contact, colocalizing with the postsynaptic density protein of
95 kDa (a postsynaptic marker) and glutamate receptor type 1 (an
excitatory postsynaptic marker). By analogy with the roles of 4.1R in
red blood cells, 4.1N may function to confer stability and plasticity
to the neuronal membrane via interactions with multiple binding
partners, including the spectrin-actin-based cytoskeleton, integral
membrane channels and receptors, and membrane-associated guanylate kinases.
Key words:
protein 4.1; neuron; red blood cell; cytoskeleton; synapse; ankyrin
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/19156457-11$05.00/0
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