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The Journal of Neuroscience, August 1, 1999, 19(15):6684-6693
Independent and Overlapping Effects of Corticosterone and Testosterone on Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone and Arginine Vasopressin mRNA Expression in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus and Stress-Induced Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Release
Victor Viau, Alan Chu, Liza Soriano, and Mary F. Dallman Department of Physiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) release is regulated by both glucocorticoids and androgens; however, the precise interactions are unclear. We have controlled circulating corticosterone (B) and testosterone (T) by adrenalectomy (ADX) ± B replacement and gonadectomy (GDX) ± T replacement, comparing these to sham-operated groups. We hoped to reveal how and where these neuroendocrine systems interact to affect resting and stress-induced ACTH secretion.
ADX responses. In gonadal-intact rats, ADX increased corticotropin-releasing factor (CRH) and vasopressin (AVP) mRNA in hypothalamic parvocellular paraventricular nuclei (PVN) and ACTH in pituitary and plasma. B restored these toward normal. GDX blocked the increase in AVP but not CRH mRNA and reduced plasma, but not pituitary ACTH in ADX rats. GDX+T restored increased AVP mRNA in ADX rats, although plasma ACTH remained decreased.
Stress responses. Restraint-induced ACTH responses were elevated in ADX gonadally intact rats, and B reduced these toward normal. GDX in adrenal-intact and ADX+B rats increased ACTH responses. Without B, T did not affect ACTH; together with B, T restored ACTH responses to normal. The magnitude of ACTH responses to stress was paralleled by similar effects on the number of c-fos staining neurons in the hypophysiotropic PVN.
We conclude that gonadal regulation of ACTH responses to ADX is determined by T dependent effects on AVP biosynthesis, whereas CRH biosynthesis is B-dependent. Stress-induced ACTH release is not explained by B and T interactions at the PVN, but is determined by B- and T-dependent changes in drive to PVN motorneurons.
Key words: corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH); arginine vasopressin (AVP); paraventricular nucleus; c-fos; adrenocorticotropin (ACTH); restraint; adrenalectomy; gonadectomy
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/19156684-10$05.00/0
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