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The Journal of Neuroscience, August 15, 1999, 19(16):6930-6941
Characterization of the Glutamate Receptor-Interacting Proteins
GRIP1 and GRIP2
Hualing
Dong1,
Peisu
Zhang1,
Insuk
Song1,
Ronald S.
Petralia2,
Dezhi
Liao1, and
Richard L.
Huganir1
1 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of
Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,
Baltimore, Maryland 21205, and 2 Laboratory of
Neurochemistry, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication
Disorders/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
The molecular mechanisms underlying the targeting and localization
of glutamate receptors at postsynaptic sites is poorly understood.
Recently, we have identified a PDZ domain-containing protein, glutamate
receptor-interacting protein 1 (GRIP1), which specifically binds to the
C termini of AMPA receptor subunits and may be involved in the synaptic
targeting of these receptors. Here, we report the cloning of GRIP2, a
homolog of GRIP1, and the characterization of the GRIP1 and GRIP2
proteins in the rat CNS. GRIP1 and GRIP2 are ~130 kDa proteins
that are highly enriched in brain. GRIP1 and GRIP2 are widely expressed
in brain, with the highest levels found in the cerebral cortex,
hippocampus, and olfactory bulb. Biochemical studies show that GRIP1
and GRIP2 are enriched in synaptic plasma membrane and postsynaptic
density fractions. GRIP1 is expressed early in embryonic development
before the expression of AMPA receptors and peaks in expression at
postnatal day 8-10. In contrast, GRIP2 is expressed relatively late in
development and parallels the expression of AMPA receptors.
Immunohistochemistry using the GRIP1 antibodies demonstrated that GRIP1
is expressed in neurons in a somatodendritic staining pattern. At the
ultrastructural level, DAB and immunogold electromicroscopy studies
showed that GRIP1 was enriched in dendritic spines near the
postsynaptic density and was expressed in dendritic shafts and
in peri-Golgi regions in the neuronal soma. GRIP1 appeared to be
clustered at both glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses. These results
suggest that GRIP1 and GRIP2 are AMPA receptor binding proteins
potentially involved in the targeting of AMPA receptors to synapses.
GRIP1 also may play functional roles at both excitatory and inhibitory
synapses, as well as in early neuronal development.
Key words:
GRIP1; GRIP2; AMPA receptor; neuronal synapses; GAD; postsynaptic density; vesicle; development
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/19166930-12$05.00/0
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