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The Journal of Neuroscience, September 15, 1999, 19(18):7860-7869
Bax-Dependent Caspase-3 Activation Is a Key Determinant in
p53-Induced Apoptosis in Neurons
Sean P.
Cregan1,
Jason
G.
MacLaurin1,
Constance G.
Craig4,
George S.
Robertson3,
Donald W.
Nicholson3,
David S.
Park1, and
Ruth S.
Slack1, 2
1 Neuroscience Research Institute and
2 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University
of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H-8M5, Canada, 3 Merck
Frosst, Pointe Claire-Dorval, Quebec, H9R- 4P8, Canada, and
4 Apoptogen Inc., Ottawa, Ontario, K1H-8L1, Canada
p53 is a pivotal molecule regulating the death of neurons both
after acute injury and during development. The molecular mechanisms by
which p53 induces apoptosis in neuronal cells, however, are not well
understood. We have shown previously that adenovirus-mediated p53 gene
delivery to neurons was sufficient to induce apoptosis. In the present
study we have examined the molecular mechanism by which p53 evokes
neuronal cell death. Adenovirus-mediated delivery of p53 to cerebellar
granule neurons resulted in caspase-3 (CPP32) activation followed by
terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick
end labeling (TUNEL) staining and loss of viability as determined by an
MTT survival assay. To determine whether Bax is essential for caspase-3
activation, p53 was expressed in Bax-deficient cells. Bax null neurons
did not exhibit caspase-3 activation in response to p53 and were
protected from apoptosis. To determine whether Bax-dependent caspase-3
activation was required in p53-mediated neuronal cell death,
caspase-3-deficient neurons were examined. Our results indicate that
caspase-3-deficient neurons exhibit a remarkable delay in apoptosis and
a dramatic decrease in TUNEL-positive cells. These studies demonstrate
that p53-induced cell death in postmitotic neurons involves a
Bax-dependent caspase-3 activation, suggesting that these molecules are
important determinants in neuronal cell death after injury.
Key words:
apoptosis; neurodegeneration; neurons; p53; Bax; caspase-3
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/19187860-10$05.00/0
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