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The Journal of Neuroscience, October 1, 1999, 19(19):8199-8206
Ceramide Signaling Downstream of the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor
Mediates the Effects of Nerve Growth Factor on Outgrowth of Cultured
Hippocampal Neurons
Adi B.
Brann1,
Randolph
Scott1, 2,
Yael
Neuberger1, 2,
Denise
Abulafia1, 2,
Swetlana
Boldin1,
Michael
Fainzilber1, 2, and
Anthony H.
Futerman1
1 Department of Biological Chemistry,
2 Molecular Neurobiology Group, Weizmann Institute of
Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) binds all known
neurotrophins and has been suggested to either function as a coreceptor for the trk receptor tyrosine kinases or be involved in independent signaling leading to cell death. We have analyzed the effects of nerve
growth factor (NGF) on the growth of cultured hippocampal pyramidal
neurons and examined the possibility that the effects of NGF are
mediated via generation of ceramide produced by neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase). During the initial hour of culture, the
only detectable NGF receptor is p75NTR, which by comparative Western
blot is expressed at 50- to 100-fold lower levels than on PC12 cells.
At this early stage of culture, NGF accelerates neurite formation and
outgrowth and induces ceramide formation in a dose-dependent manner. An
NGF mutant that is deficient in p75NTR binding has no effect on
neuronal morphology or ceramide formation. Furthermore, two anti-p75NTR
antibodies (REX and 9651), which are known to compete with NGF
for binding to p75NTR, mimic the effects of NGF, whereas a monoclonal
antibody (MC192) targeted against a different epitope does not.
Finally, scyphostatin, a specific N-SMase inhibitor, blocks the effects
of NGF. We propose that a neurotrophin-p75NTR-ceramide signaling
pathway influences outgrowth of hippocampal neurons. This signaling
role of p75NTR may be distinct from other signaling pathways that lead
to apoptosis.
Key words:
neurotrophins; NGF; p75NTR; ceramide; sphingomyelin; neurons; axons
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/19198199-08$05.00/0
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