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The Journal of Neuroscience, October 1, 1999, 19(19):8464-8475
Matrix Metalloproteinase-9/Gelatinase B Is Required for Process
Outgrowth by Oligodendrocytes
Luke Y. S.
Oh1,
Peter
H.
Larsen1,
Craig A.
Krekoski2,
Dylan R.
Edwards2,
Frances
Donovan3,
Zena
Werb3, and
V. Wee
Yong1
1 Departments of Oncology and Clinical Neurosciences,
University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1,
2 School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia,
Norwich, United Kingdom, and 3 Department of Anatomy,
University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
94143-0452
Oligodendrocytes (OLs) extend processes to contact axons as a
prerequisite step in myelin formation. As the OL processes migrate toward their axonal targets, they modify adhesion to their substrate, an event that may be regulated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In
the mouse optic nerve, MMP-9/gelatinase B increases during myelin
formation. Although tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-3 also
increases in parallel, the developing optic nerve has focally active
MMPs demonstrable by in situ zymography. The distribution of proteolytic activity is similar to that of myelin basic
protein, a marker of myelin formation. OLs in culture secrete MMP-9 and
express active cell-associated metalloproteinases at the growing tips
of their processes. TIMP-1 and a function-perturbing anti-MMP-9
antibody attenuate outgrowth of processes by OLs, indicating a
requirement for MMP-9 in process outgrowth. Process reformation is
retarded significantly in OLs cultured from MMP-9 null mice, as
compared with controls, providing genetic evidence that MMP-9 is
necessary for process outgrowth. These data show that MMP-9 facilitates
process outgrowth by OLs in vivo and in culture.
Key words:
myelination; oligodendrocyte; matrix metalloproteinase; in situ zymography; MMP knock-out; TIMPs
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/19198464-12$05.00/0
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