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The Journal of Neuroscience, October 1, 1999, 19(19):8487-8497
Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Activates a Latent Neurogenic Program in Neural Stem Cells from Diverse Regions of the Adult CNS
Theo D. Palmer, Eleni A. Markakis, Andrew R. Willhoite, Frank Safar, and Fred H. Gage The Salk Institute, Laboratory of Genetics, La Jolla, California 92037
During development of the mammalian brain, both neurons and glia are generated from multipotent neural stem cells. Although neurogenesis ceases in most areas at birth, stem cells continue to generate neurons within the subventricular zone and hippocampal dentate gyrus throughout adult life. In this work, we provide the first demonstration that precursors native to regions of the adult brain that generate only glia can also generate neurons after exposure to FGF-2 in vitro. When progenitors isolated from hippocampal tissue were directly compared with cells isolated from the neocortex, both populations were able to initiate a program of proliferative neurogenesis. Genetic marking and lineage analysis showed that a majority of the cells able to generate neurons were multipotent precursors; however, progeny from these precursors acquired the competence to differentiate into neurons only after exposure to FGF-2. The recruitment of similar FGF-2-responsive cells from the adult optic nerve, a structure well isolated from the neurogenic zones within the brain, confirmed that neuron-competent precursors naturally exist in widely divergent tissues of the adult brain.
Key words: neural stem cells; adult; hippocampus; cortex; optic nerve; density gradient
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/19198487-11$05.00/0
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W. Jiang, W. Gu, T. Brannstrom, R. Rosqvist, and P. Wester
Cortical Neurogenesis in Adult Rats After Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion
Stroke, May 1, 2001; 32(5): 1201 - 1207.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
L. S. Shihabuddin, P. J. Horner, J. Ray, and F. H. Gage
Adult Spinal Cord Stem Cells Generate Neurons after Transplantation in the Adult Dentate Gyrus
J. Neurosci., December 1, 2000; 20(23): 8727 - 8735.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
E. D. Laywell, P. Rakic, V. G. Kukekov, E. C. Holland, and D. A. Steindler
Identification of a multipotent astrocytic stem cell in the immature and adult mouse brain
PNAS, November 22, 2000; (2000) 250471697.
[Abstract] [Full Text]
T. Kondo and M. Raff
Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells Reprogrammed to Become Multipotential CNS Stem Cells
Science, September 8, 2000; 289(5485): 1754 - 1757.
[Abstract] [Full Text]
F. H. Gage
Mammalian Neural Stem Cells
Science, February 25, 2000; 287(5457): 1433 - 1438.
[Abstract] [Full Text]
B. B. Johansson
Brain Plasticity and Stroke Rehabilitation : The Willis Lecture
Stroke, January 1, 2000; 31(1): 223 - 230.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
V. Ourednik, J. Ourednik, J. D. Flax, W. M. Zawada, C. Hutt, C. Yang, K. I. Park, S. U. Kim, R. L. Sidman, C. R. Freed, et al.
Segregation of Human Neural Stem Cells in the Developing Primate Forebrain
Science, September 7, 2001; 293(5536): 1820 - 1824.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
E. D. Laywell, P. Rakic, V. G. Kukekov, E. C. Holland, and D. A. Steindler
Identification of a multipotent astrocytic stem cell in the immature and adult mouse brain
PNAS, December 5, 2000; 97(25): 13883 - 13888.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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