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The Journal of Neuroscience, October 1, 1999, 19(19):8552-8559
Cerebral Amyloid Induces Aberrant Axonal Sprouting and Ectopic
Terminal Formation in Amyloid Precursor Protein Transgenic Mice
Amie L.
Phinney1,
Thomas
Deller2,
Martina
Stalder1,
Michael E.
Calhoun1,
Michael
Frotscher2,
Bernd
Sommer3,
Matthias
Staufenbiel3, and
Mathias
Jucker1
1 Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology,
University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland,
2 Institute of Anatomy, University of Freiburg,
D-79001Freiburg, Germany, and 3 Central Nervous System
Research, Novartis Pharma, Inc., CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
A characteristic feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the
formation of amyloid plaques in the brain. Although this hallmark pathology has been well described, the biological effects of plaques are poorly understood. To study the effect of amyloid plaques on axons
and neuronal connectivity, we have examined the axonal projections from
the entorhinal cortex in aged amyloid precursor protein (APP)
transgenic mice that exhibit cerebral amyloid deposition in plaques and
vessels (APP23 mice). Here we report that entorhinal axons form
dystrophic boutons around amyloid plaques in the entorhinal termination
zone of the hippocampus. More importantly, entorhinal boutons were
found associated with amyloid in ectopic locations within the
hippocampus, the thalamus, white matter tracts, as well as surrounding
vascular amyloid. Many of these ectopic entorhinal boutons were
immunopositive for the growth-associated protein GAP-43 and showed
light and electron microscopic characteristics of axonal terminals. Our
findings suggest that (1) cerebral amyloid deposition has neurotropic
effects and is the main cause of aberrant sprouting in AD brain; (2)
the magnitude and significance of sprouting in AD have been
underestimated; and (3) cerebral amyloid leads to the disruption of
neuronal connectivity which, in turn, may significantly contribute to
AD dementia.
Key words:
Alzheimer's disease; hippocampus; PHAL; tracing; entorhinal cortex; axon; synapse; sprouting; CNS; neurodegeneration; vasculature; APP; mouse; aging
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/19198552-08$05.00/0
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