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The Journal of Neuroscience, January 15, 1999, 19(2):520-528
ATP Released from Astrocytes Mediates Glial Calcium Waves
Peter B.
Guthrie1,
Joshua
Knappenberger1,
Menahem
Segal2,
Michael V. L.
Bennett3,
Andrew C.
Charles4, and
S. B.
Kater1
1 Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, 2 Department of
Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel,
3 Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of
Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, and 4 Department of
Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, School of
Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90024
Calcium waves represent a widespread form of intercellular
communication. Although they have been thought for a long time to
require gap junctions, we recently demonstrated that mouse cortical
astrocytes use an extracellular messenger for calcium wave propagation.
The present experiments identify ATP as a major extracellular messenger
in this system. Medium collected from astrocyte cultures during (but
not before) calcium wave stimulation contains ATP. The excitatory
effects of medium samples and of ATP are blocked by purinergic receptor
antagonists and by pretreatment with apyrase; these same purinergic
receptor antagonists block propagation of electrically evoked calcium
waves. ATP, applied at the concentration measured in medium samples,
evokes responses that are qualitatively and quantitatively similar to
those evoked by those medium samples. These data implicate ATP as an
important transmitter between CNS astrocytes.
Key words:
glia; astrocytes; calcium waves; ATP; extracellular
signal; suramin; apyrase; purinergic; electrical stimulation
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/192520-09$05.00/0
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