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The Journal of Neuroscience, October 15, 1999, 19(20):8894-8908
Reorganization and Movement of Microtubules in Axonal Growth Cones and Developing Interstitial Branches
Erik W. Dent1, John L. Callaway2, Györgyi Szebenyi2, Peter W. Baas1, 2, and Katherine Kalil1, 2 1 Neuroscience Training Program and 2 Department of Anatomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
Local changes in microtubule organization and distribution are required for the axon to grow and navigate appropriately; however, little is known about how microtubules (MTs) reorganize during directed axon outgrowth. We have used time-lapse digital imaging of developing cortical neurons microinjected with fluorescently labeled tubulin to follow the movements of individual MTs in two regions of the axon where directed growth occurs: the terminal growth cone and the developing interstitial branch. In both regions, transitions from quiescent to growth states were accompanied by reorganization of MTs from looped or bundled arrays to dispersed arrays and fragmentation of long MTs into short MTs. We also found that long-term redistribution of MTs accompanied the withdrawal of some axonal processes and the growth and stabilization of others. Individual MTs moved independently in both anterograde and retrograde directions to explore developing processes. Their velocities were inversely proportional to their lengths. Our results demonstrate directly that MTs move within axonal growth cones and developing interstitial branches. Our findings also provide the first direct evidence that similar reorganization and movement of individual MTs occur in the two regions of the axon where directed outgrowth occurs. These results suggest a model whereby short exploratory MTs could direct axonal growth cones and interstitial branches toward appropriate locations.
Key words: microtubule; interstitial axon branch; growth cone; time-lapse fluorescent microscopy; cortical neuronal culture; cortical development; axon outgrowth
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/19208894-15$05.00/0
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