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The Journal of Neuroscience, November 1, 1999, 19(21):9306-9312
Excitatory Synaptogenesis between Identified Lymnaea Neurons Requires Extrinsic Trophic Factors and Is Mediated by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
Toshiro Hamakawa1, 2, Melanie A. Woodin1, Micki C. Bjorgum1, Sherry D. Painter3, Mayumi Takasaki2, Ken Lukowiak1, Gregg T. Nagle3, and Naweed I. Syed1 1 Respiratory and Neuroscience Research Groups, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1, 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Miyazaki Medical College, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan, and 3 Marine Biomedical Institute and Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
Neurotrophic factors have well established roles in neuronal development and adult synaptic plasticity, but their precise role in synapse formation has yet to be determined. This paper provides the first direct evidence that neurotrophic factors in brain conditioned medium (CM) differentially regulate excitatory and inhibitory synapse formation. Somata of identified presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons were isolated from the CNS of Lymnaea and were cultured in a soma-soma configuration in the presence (CM) or absence [defined medium (DM)] of trophic factors. In DM, excitatory synapses did not form. When they were paired in CM or in DM containing Lymnaea epidermal growth factor (EGF); however, all presynaptic neurons reestablished their specific excitatory synapses, which had electrical properties similar to those seen in vivo. CM-induced formation of excitatory synapses required transcription and de novo protein synthesis, as indicated by the observations that synapse formation was blocked by the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin and the protein transcription blocker actinomycin D; the CM factor was inactivated by boiling. They were also blocked by receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (lavendustin A, genistein, K252a, and KT5926) but not by inactive analogs (genistin and lavendustin B), suggesting that the effect was mediated by receptor tyrosine kinases. These results, together with our previously published data, demonstrate that trophic factors are required for excitatory, but not inhibitory, synapse formation and extends the role of EGF from cell proliferation, neurite outgrowth, and survival to excitatory synapse formation.
Key words: synapse formation; trophic factors; EGF; protein synthesis; trk receptors; Lymnaea; soma-soma synapses
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/19219306-07$05.00/0
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