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The Journal of Neuroscience, November 1, 1999, 19(21):9618-9634
The Aplysia Mytilus Inhibitory Peptide-Related Peptides: Identification, Cloning, Processing, Distribution, and Action
Y. Fujisawa1, Y. Furukawa2, S. Ohta3, T. A. Ellis4, N. C. Dembrow4, L. Li5, P. D. Floyd5, J. V. Sweedler5, H. Minakata1, K. Nakamaru2, F. Morishita2, O. Matsushima2, K. R. Weiss4, and F. S. Vilim4 1 Suntory Institute for Bioorganic Research, Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka 618-8503, Japan, 2 Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan, 3 Instrument Center for Chemical Analysis, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan, 4 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, and 5 Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
Neuropeptides are a ubiquitous class of signaling molecules. In our attempt to understand the generation of feeding behavior in Aplysia, we have sought to identify and fully characterize the neuropeptides operating in this system. Preliminary evidence indicated that Mytilus inhibitory peptide (MIP)-like peptides are present and operating in the circuitry that generates feeding in Aplysia. MIPs were originally isolated from the bivalve mollusc Mytilus edulis, and related peptides have been identified in other invertebrate species, but no precursor has been identified. In this study, we describe the isolation and characterization of novel Aplysia MIP-related peptides (AMRPs) and their precursor. Several AMRPs appear to have some structural and functional features similar to vertebrate opioid peptides. We use matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry to confirm that all 14 AMRPs predicted by the precursor are processed in isolated neurons. Northern analysis, whole-mount in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry are used to map the abundant expression of these peptides in the CNS and peripheral tissues such as the digestive tract, vasculature, and the reproductive organs. Physiological studies demonstrate that the rank order of the inhibitory actions of these peptides is different for three target muscles. These results underscore the importance of using a multidisciplinary approach to identifying and characterizing the actions of neuropeptides in an effort to gain understanding of their role in systems of interest. The widespread distribution of the AMRPs indicates that they may be operating in many different systems of Aplysia.
Key words: Mytilus inhibitory peptide; neuropeptide; mollusc; Aplysia; cDNA cloning; immunohistochemistry; in situ hybridization; MALDI-TOF MS
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/19219618-17$05.00/0
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