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The Journal of Neuroscience, November 15, 1999, 19(22):9928-9938
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Differentially Regulates
Retinal Ganglion Cell Dendritic and Axonal Arborization In
Vivo
Barbara
Lom and
Susana
Cohen-Cory
Mental Retardation Research Center, Departments of Psychiatry and
Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles,
California 90025
Expression of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor
(BDNF) and its receptor trkB in the ganglion cell layer of the
Xenopus retina during retinal ganglion cell (RGC)
dendritic arborization indicates that BDNF is spatially and temporally
available to influence RGC morphological differentiation (Cohen-Cory
and Fraser, 1994; Cohen-Cory et al., 1996). BDNF promotes RGC axon arborization in vivo by acting as a target-derived
trophic factor (Cohen-Cory and Fraser, 1995). To determine whether BDNF
also acts locally to regulate RGC dendritic development in
vivo, we altered retinal neurotrophin levels at the onset of
dendritic arborization and assessed the resulting arbor morphologies of RGCs retrogradely labeled with fluorescent dextrans. Injecting neurotrophins or BDNF function-blocking antibodies coupled to microspheres provided local alterations of retinal neurotrophin levels.
BDNF significantly decreased RGC dendritic arbor complexity, whereas
neutralizing endogenous BDNF levels with function-blocking antibodies
significantly increased dendritic arbor complexity. RGCs exposed to
other neurotrophins, as well as RGCs in retinae treated with BDNF but
in areas not directly exposed to the neurotrophin, developed dendritic
arbors that were indistinguishable from controls, indicating that
exogenous BDNF acts specifically and locally. In the tectum, where RGC
axons arborize, BDNF had opposite effects. BDNF significantly increased
RGC axon arbor complexity and anti-BDNF reduced RGC arborization. Thus,
BDNF reduces RGC dendritic arborization within the retina and increases
axon arborization in the tectum. These results indicate that BDNF can
differentially modulate axonal and dendritic arborization within a
single neuronal population in opposing manners and raise the
possibility that differential modulation by a neurotrophic factor
finely tunes the morphological differentiation program of a neuron.
Key words:
brain-derived neurotrophic factor; neurotrophins; retinal
ganglion cell; visual system; dendrite; Xenopus laevis; axon; retina
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/19229928-11$05.00/0
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