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The Journal of Neuroscience, December 1, 1999, 19(23):10338-10347
Analysis of the Role of Heat Shock Protein (Hsp) Molecular
Chaperones in Polyglutamine Disease
Yaohui
Chai1,
Stacia L.
Koppenhafer1,
Nancy M.
Bonini2, and
Henry L.
Paulson1
1 Department of Neurology, University of Iowa College
of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, and 2 Department of
Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
Polyglutamine (polygln) diseases are a group of inherited
neurodegenerative disorders characterized by protein misfolding and
aggregation. Here, we investigate the role in polygln disease of heat
shock proteins (Hsps), the major class of molecular chaperones responsible for modulating protein folding in the cell. In transfected COS7 and PC12 neural cells, we show that Hsp40 and Hsp70
chaperones localize to intranuclear aggregates formed by either mutant
ataxin-3, the disease protein in spinocerebellar ataxia type
3/Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD), or an unrelated green fluorescent
protein fusion protein containing expanded polygln. We further
demonstrate that expression of expanded polygln protein elicits a
stress response in cells as manifested by marked induction of Hsp70.
Studies of SCA3/MJD disease brain confirm these findings, showing
localization of Hsp40 and, less commonly, Hsp70 chaperones to
intranuclear ataxin-3 aggregates. In transfected cells, overexpression
of either of two Hsp40 chaperones, the DNAJ protein homologs
HDJ-1 and HDJ-2, suppresses aggregation of truncated or
full-length mutant ataxin-3. Finally, we extend these studies to a PC12
neural model of polygln toxicity in which we demonstrate that
overexpression of HDJ-1 suppresses polygln aggregation with a parallel
decrease in toxicity. These results suggest that expanded polygln
protein induces a stress response and that specific molecular
chaperones may aid the handling of misfolded or aggregated polygln
protein in neurons. This study has therapeutic implications because it
suggests that efforts to increase chaperone activity may prove
beneficial in this class of diseases.
Key words:
polyglutamine disease; spinocerebellar ataxia 3; Hsp40; Hsp70; chaperone; cell death
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/192310338-10$05.00/0
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November 1, 2000;
9(19):
2799 - 2809.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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H.Y. E. Chan, J. M. Warrick, G. L. Gray-Board, H. L. Paulson, and N. M. Bonini
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